Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1973 Jun;114(3):897–908. doi: 10.1128/jb.114.3.897-908.1973

Extractable Lipids of Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria: Phospholipid Composition

James D Oliver a,1, Rita R Colwell a,2
PMCID: PMC285343  PMID: 4197274

Abstract

Phospholipid compositions of 20 strains of marine and estuarine bacteria were determined. Results showed that phospholipids of marine bacteria differed very little from those of nonmarine organisms with phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol being the predominant phospholipids in all strains examined. Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine occurred in significant quantities among a number of the marine bacteria, and two of the isolates contained significant quantities of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. Effects of age and growth temperature on the phospholipid composition were also investigated. It is suggested that phylogenetic relationships among bacteria may be correlated with phospholipid composition.

Full text

PDF
897

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. AMES B. N., DUBIN D. T. The role of polyamines in the neutralization of bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem. 1960 Mar;235:769–775. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ASTVATSATURIAN A. T. KHIMICHESKI I SOSTAV LIPIDOV I ZHIRNYKH KISLOT KHOLERNYKH VIBRIONOV. Biokhimiia. 1964 Jan-Feb;29:8–16. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Albro P. W., Dittmer J. C. Bacterial hydrocarbons: occurrence, structure and metabolism. Lipids. 1970 Mar;5(3):320–325. doi: 10.1007/BF02531463. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ames G. F. Lipids of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli: structure and metabolism. J Bacteriol. 1968 Mar;95(3):833–843. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.3.833-843.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. BLASS J. Sur les constituants azotés des phosphatides du vibrion cholérique. Bull Soc Chim Biol (Paris) 1956 Dec 7;38(11):1305–1314. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. BREGOFF H. M., ROBERTS E., DELWICHE C. C. Paper chromatography of quaternary ammonium bases and related compounds. J Biol Chem. 1953 Dec;205(2):565–574. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Baross J., Liston J. Isolation of vibrio parahaemolyticus from the Northwest Pacific. Nature. 1968 Mar 30;217(5135):1263–1264. doi: 10.1038/2171263a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Baumann L., Baumann P., Mandel M., Allen R. D. Taxonomy of aerobic marine eubacteria. J Bacteriol. 1972 Apr;110(1):402–429. doi: 10.1128/jb.110.1.402-429.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bertsch L. L., Bonsen P. P., Kornberg A. Biochemical studies of bacterial sporulation and germination. XIV. Phospholipids in Bacillus megaterium. J Bacteriol. 1969 Apr;98(1):75–81. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.1.75-81.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. COLWELL R. R., MORITA R. Y. REISOLATION AND EMENDATION OF DESCRIPTION OF VIBRIO MARINUS (RUSSELL) FORD. J Bacteriol. 1964 Oct;88:831–837. doi: 10.1128/jb.88.4.831-837.1964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Cobet A. B., Wirsen C., Jr, Jones G. E. The effect of nickel on a marine bacterium, Arthrobacter marinus sp.nov. J Gen Microbiol. 1970 Aug;62(2):159–169. doi: 10.1099/00221287-62-2-159. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Cronan J. E., Jr Phospholipid alterations during growth of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1968 Jun;95(6):2054–2061. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.6.2054-2061.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. De Siervo A. J. Alterations in the phospholipid composition of Escherichia coli B during growth at different temperatures. J Bacteriol. 1969 Dec;100(3):1342–1349. doi: 10.1128/jb.100.3.1342-1349.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. De Voe I. W., Oginsky E. L. Cation interactions and biochemical composition of the cell envelope of a marine bacterium. J Bacteriol. 1969 Jun;98(3):1368–1377. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.3.1368-1377.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Eberhard A., Rouser G. Quantitative analysis of the phospholipids of some marine bioluminescent bacteria. Lipids. 1971 Jun;6(6):410–414. doi: 10.1007/BF02531378. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. FOLCH J., LEES M., SLOANE STANLEY G. H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957 May;226(1):497–509. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Felter R. A., Colwell R. R., Chapman G. B. Morphology and round body fermation in Vibrio marinus. J Bacteriol. 1969 Jul;99(1):326–335. doi: 10.1128/jb.99.1.326-335.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. GOLDFINE H., ELLIS M. E. N-METHYL GROUPS IN BACTERIAL LIPIDS. J Bacteriol. 1964 Jan;87:8–15. doi: 10.1128/jb.87.1.8-15.1964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Gordon R. C., MacLeod R. A. MG++ phospholipids in cell envelopes of a marine and a terrestrial pseudomonad. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966 Sep 8;24(5):684–690. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90378-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. HOUTSMULLER U. M., van DEENEN L. Identification of a bacterial phospholipid as an O-ornithine ester of phosphatidyl glycerol. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1963 Apr 23;70:211–213. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)90743-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hancock I. C., Meadow P. M. The extractable lipids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Oct 28;187(3):366–379. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90010-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Hanus F. J., Morita R. Y. Significance of the temperature characteristic of growth. J Bacteriol. 1968 Feb;95(2):736–737. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.2.736-737.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Ikawa M. Bacterial phosphatides and natural relationships. Bacteriol Rev. 1967 Mar;31(1):54–64. doi: 10.1128/br.31.1.54-64.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. KALLIO R. E., HARRINGTON A. A. Sudanophilic granules and lipid of Pseudomonas methanica. J Bacteriol. 1960 Sep;80:321–324. doi: 10.1128/jb.80.3.321-324.1960. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. KANFER J., KENNEDY E. P. METABOLISM AND FUNCTION OF BACTERIAL LIPIDS. I. METABOLISM OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI B. J Biol Chem. 1963 Sep;238:2919–2922. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. KATES M., KUSHNER D. J., JAMES A. T. The lipid composition of Bacillus cereus as influenced by the presence of alcohols in the culture medium. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1962 Jan;40:83–94. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Kaneko T., Colwell R. R. Ecology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Chesapeake Bay. J Bacteriol. 1973 Jan;113(1):24–32. doi: 10.1128/jb.113.1.24-32.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Kates M. Bacterial lipids. Adv Lipid Res. 1964;2:17–90. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Kennedy S. F., Colwell R. R., Chapman G. B. Ultrastructure of a marine psychrophilic Vibrio. Can J Microbiol. 1970 Nov;16(11):1027–1031. doi: 10.1139/m70-174. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Krantz G. E., Colwell R. R., Lovelace E. Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the blue crab Callinectes sapidus in Chesapeake Bay. Science. 1969 Jun 13;164(3885):1286–1287. doi: 10.1126/science.164.3885.1286. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. LAW J. H., SLEPECKY R. A. Assay of poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid. J Bacteriol. 1961 Jul;82:33–36. doi: 10.1128/jb.82.1.33-36.1961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. LEIFSON E. DETERMINATION OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF MARINE BACTERIA. J Bacteriol. 1963 May;85:1183–1184. doi: 10.1128/jb.85.5.1183-1184.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. MACLEOD R. A. THE QUESTION OF THE EXISTENCE OF SPECIFIC MARINE BACTERIA. Bacteriol Rev. 1965 Mar;29:9–24. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Macfarlane M. G. Phosphatidylglycerols and lipoamino acids. Adv Lipid Res. 1964;2:91–125. doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9938-2.50009-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Morita R. Y., Albright L. J. Moderate temperature effects on protein, ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid syntheses by Vibrio marinus, an obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium. Z Allg Mikrobiol. 1968;8(4):269–273. doi: 10.1002/jobm.3630080404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Okuyama H. Phospholipid metabolism in Escherichia coli after a shift in temperature. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Jan 21;176(1):125–134. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Olsen R. W., Ballou C. E. Acyl phosphatidylglycerol. A new phospholipid from Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem. 1971 May 25;246(10):3305–3313. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Oró J., Tornabene T. G., Nooner D. W., Gelpi E. Aliphatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids of some marine and freshwater microorganisms. J Bacteriol. 1967 Jun;93(6):1811–1818. doi: 10.1128/jb.93.6.1811-1818.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Randle C. L., Albro P. W., Dittmer J. C. The phosphoglyceride composition of Gram-negative bacteria and the changes in composition during growth. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969;187(2):214–220. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90030-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. SEHGAL S. N., KATES M., GIBBONS N. E. Lipids of Halobacterium cutirubrum. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1962 Jan;40:69–81. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. SINHA D. B., GABY W. L. STRUCTURAL COMPOSITION OF POLAR LIPID-AMINO ACID COMPLEX IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA. J Biol Chem. 1964 Nov;239:3668–3673. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Shaw N. Bacterial glycolipids. Bacteriol Rev. 1970 Dec;34(4):365–377. doi: 10.1128/br.34.4.365-377.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Shaw N., Stead D. Lipid composition of some species of Arthrobacter. J Bacteriol. 1971 Jul;107(1):130–133. doi: 10.1128/jb.107.1.130-133.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Shaw N. The detection of lipids on thin-layer chromatograms with the periodate-Schiff reagents. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968 Oct 22;164(2):435–436. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90171-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Stanier R. Y. THE CYTOPHAGA GROUP: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE BIOLOGY OF MYXOBACTERIA. Bacteriol Rev. 1942 Sep;6(3):143–196. doi: 10.1128/br.6.3.143-196.1942. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Tornabene T. G., Ogg J. E. Chromatographic studies of the lipid components of Vibrio fetus. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1971 Jul 13;239(2):133–141. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(71)90159-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Vaskovsky V. E., Kostetsky E. Y. Modified spray for the detection of phospholipids on thin-layer chromatograms. J Lipid Res. 1968 May;9(3):396–396. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. WELLS M. A., DITTMER J. C. THE USE OF SEPHADEX FOR THE REMOVAL OF NONLIPID CONTAMINANTS FROM LIPID EXTRACTS. Biochemistry. 1963 Nov-Dec;2:1259–1263. doi: 10.1021/bi00906a015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. White D. A., Lennarz W. J., Schnaitman C. A. Distribution of lipids in the wall and cytoplasmic membrane subfractions of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1972 Feb;109(2):686–690. doi: 10.1128/jb.109.2.686-690.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Wilkinson S. G. Glycosyl diglycerides from Pseudomonas rubescens. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968 Oct 22;164(2):148–156. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90141-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Wilkinson S. G. Lipids of Pseudomonas diminuta. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Dec 17;187(4):492–500. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90046-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES