Table 1.
Gene | Evidence | Reference |
---|---|---|
NR5A1 SF-1 |
Restoration of SF-1 expression in endometrial tissue is associated with SF-1 promoter hypomethylation | (51) |
The HDAC inhibitor valproate decreases SF-1 and Cyp11a1 levels by an indirect mechanism in Y1 and H295 cell lines | (52) | |
Star | Decrease in tri-methyl histone H3 (K4) and di-methyl histone H3 (K9) and an increase in acetyl histone H3 within the fist 30 mins post 8-Br-cAMP stimulation of MA-10 cells. | (53, 54) |
Cyp17 | CpG demethylation in primary bovine adrenal cell lines | (59, 60) |
Rodents treated with 5-aza-dC express Cyp17 in adrenals and produce cortisol | (55) | |
Cyp19 | Hypermethylation in bovine granulose cells and hypomethylation in corpora lutea at PI.1/PII | (64) |
Demethylation of the CRE element at -211/-199 confers camp responsiveness to human skin fibroblast at PI.3/II | (65) | |
Methylation of CpGs in P1.5/2 of sheep placentomes correlates with aromatase expression but is not the only mechanism of regulation | (68, 69) | |
Nr3c1 GR |
Offspring exposed to high LG-ABN exhibit demethylation at exon 17, while those exposed to low LG-ABN exhibit methylation in this region | (81) |
Victims of child abuse exhibit hypermethylation of GR1F and low GR expression in the hippocampus | (83) | |
Nr3c2 MR |
A differentially methylated area in the MR promoter is associated with decreased MR expression in the testis after in utero DEHP exposure | (90) |
Nr3a1 ERα |
Differential methylation in the ERα1b promoter is correlated with ERα expression in the adult brain | (100) |
ERα promoter methylation is correlated with the loss of Erα expression in human breast cancer | (103, 104) | |
5-aza and 5-aza-dC treatment of the ERα-negative cell line, MD-MB-231, results in ERα re-expression | (105) | |
TSA treatment of the MD-MB-231 cell line induces ERα re-expression | (106) | |
Nr3a2 ERβ |
Fetal and perinatal exposure to methoxychlor hypermethylates the ERβ promoter and decreases ERβ expression in the ovary at PND50-60 | (108) |
TSA treatment of the ERβ-negative cell lines LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 induces ERβ expression | (112) | |
NR3C4 AR |
5-aza treatment induces re-expression of AR in the AR-negative cell lines Du145, DuPro, TSU-PR1, and PPC1 | (113) |
Rat invasive adenocarcinomas contain hypermethylation and lose AR expression | (114) | |
20% of human primary cancer cell lines and 28% of hormone-refractory prostate cancers contain hypermethylation | (115) |