Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1970 May;66(1):181–188. doi: 10.1073/pnas.66.1.181

Transcriptions of the Bacteriophage T4 Template in Vitro: Separation of „Delayed Early” from „Immediate Early” Transcription*

Gabriele Milanesi 1,†, Edward N Brody 1,‡, Oscar Grau 1, E Peter Geiduschek 1
PMCID: PMC286105  PMID: 5273895

Abstract

The synthesis of different early T4 transcripts by E. coli RNA polymerase in vitro can be dissociated in two ways: (1) when T4 DNA is mechanically degraded, it selectively loses the ability to serve as a template for the transcription of delayed early T4 RNA; (2) when initiation of RNA synthesis on intact T4 DNA is limited to a very short time interval immediate early T4 RNA is synthesized at once but delayed early polynucleotide sequences appear only after a time lag. We conclude that initiation sites for T4 early RNA synthesis are closer to immediate early than to delayed early segments of the T4 template and that immediate early and delayed early segments of the T4 chromosome are interspersed. We propose that this interspersing is significant for the programming of transcription during T4 development.

Full text

PDF
181

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Asano K. Size heterogeneity of T2 messenger RNA. J Mol Biol. 1965 Nov;14(1):71–84. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80231-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bremer H., Yuan D. Chain growth rate of messenger RNA in Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4. J Mol Biol. 1968 Jun 28;34(3):527–540. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90178-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brody E. N., Diggelmann H., Geiduschek E. P. Transcription of the bacteriophage T4 template. Obligate synthesis of T4 prereplicative RNA in vitro. Biochemistry. 1970 Mar 17;9(6):1289–1299. doi: 10.1021/bi00808a001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brody E. N., Geiduschek E. P. Transcription of the bacteriophage T4 template. Detailed comparison of in vitro and in vivo transcripts. Biochemistry. 1970 Mar 17;9(6):1300–1309. doi: 10.1021/bi00808a002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. CHAMBERLIN M., BERG P. Deoxyribo ucleic acid-directed synthesis of ribonucleic acid by an enzyme from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Jan 15;48:81–94. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.1.81. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Edgar R. S., Wood W. B. Morphogenesis of bacteriophage T4 in extracts of mutant-infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966 Mar;55(3):498–505. doi: 10.1073/pnas.55.3.498. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Eigner J., Doty P. The native, denatured and renatured states of deoxyribonucleic acid. J Mol Biol. 1965 Jul;12(3):549–580. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80312-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ennis H. L., Cohen P. S. Control of phage and host ribonucleic acid synthesis in phage T4 infected Escherichia coli. Virology. 1968 Oct;36(2):193–200. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(68)90136-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Geiduschek E. P., Snyder L., Colvill A. J., Sarnat M. Selective synthesis of T-even bacteriophage early messenger in vitro. J Mol Biol. 1966 Aug;19(2):541–547. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(66)80021-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kennell D. Inhibition of host protein synthesis during infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T4. I. Continued synthesis of host ribonucleic acid. J Virol. 1968 Nov;2(11):1262–1271. doi: 10.1128/jvi.2.11.1262-1271.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Milanesi G., Brody E. N., Geiduschek E. P. Sequence of the in vitro transcription of T4 DNA. Nature. 1969 Mar 15;221(5185):1014–1016. doi: 10.1038/2211014a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Richardson J. P. Enzymic synthesis of RNA from T7 DNA. J Mol Biol. 1966 Oct 28;21(1):115–127. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(66)90083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. STREISINGER G., EDGAR R. S., DENHARDT G. H. CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE IN PHAGE T4. I. CIRCULARITY OF THE LINKAGE MAP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 May;51:775–779. doi: 10.1073/pnas.51.5.775. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. THOMAS C. A., Jr, MACHATTIE L. A. CIRCULAR T2 DNA MOLECULES. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Nov;52:1297–1301. doi: 10.1073/pnas.52.5.1297. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Travers A. A. Bacteriophage sigma factor for RNA polymerase. Nature. 1969 Sep 13;223(5211):1107–1110. doi: 10.1038/2231107a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES