Table 1.

Summary of accelerator mass spectrometry-enabled publications.

Publication focus	Number of publications	First appearance	Ref.
AMS instrumentation	14	1987	[2,4–13,15–17]
Sample preparation	16	1990	[14,18–26,109–115]
in vitro studies	3	1998	[28,29,116]
Nutrition science	19	1996	[31–42]
Toxicology	65	1990	[43–50,52,53,91,95,117–149]
Preclinical pharmacology	5	1998	[51,54,55,69,76]
Exp-IND‡ (Phase 0 or microdosing)	15	2003	[58–68,70,71,73,150]
IND (Phase 1)	10	2001	[74–78,80–82,151,152]
Biologics	1	2006	[83]
Pharmaceutical reviews	16	1994	[27,84–98]
Diagnostics	4	1999	[56,57,99,100]
Bomb pulse	5	1991	[101–105]
Nanomaterials	3	2001	[106–108]

^‡Included in Exp-IND studies are five non-AMS publications and seven strategy/review publications.

Exp-IND: Exploratory investigational new drug.