Overview: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) receptors (provisional nomenclature) are activated by precursor-derived peptides: PTH (84 amino acids, ENSG00000152266), PTHrP (141 amino-acids and related peptides (PTHrP-1-36, PTHrP-38-94 and osteostatin (PTHrP-107-139) (ENSG0000087494) and TIP39 (39 amino acids, ENSG00000142538). [125I]-PTH may be used to label both PTH1 and PTH2 receptors.
| Nomenclature | PTH1 | PTH2 |
| Other names | PTH/PTHrP, PPR | – |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000160801 | ENSG00000144407 |
| Principal transduction | Gs, Gq/11 | Gs, Gq/11 |
| Rank order of potency | PTH = PTHrP | TIP39, PTH >> PTHrP |
| Selective agonists | – | TIP39 (Hoare et al., 2000) |
| Selective antagonists | – | TIP-9-39 (Jonsson et al., 2001) |
Although PTH is an agonist at human PTH2 receptors, it fails to activate the rodent orthologues. TIP39 is a weak antagonist at PTH1 receptors (Jonsson et al., 2001).
Glossary
Abbreviations:
- PTH
parathyroid hormone
- PTHrP
parathyroid hormone-related peptide
- TIP39
tuberoinfundibular protein of 39 residues
Further Reading
Gensure RC, Gardella TJ, Juppner H (2005). Parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide, and their receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun328: 666–678.
Guerreiro PM, Renfro JL, Power DM, Canario AV (2007). The parathyroid hormone family of peptides: structure, tissue distribution, regulation, and potential functional roles in calcium and phosphate balance in fish. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol292: R679–R696.
Mierke DF, Mao L, Pellegrini M, Piserchio A, Plati J, Tsomaia N (2007). Structural characterization of the parathyroid hormone receptor domains determinant for ligand binding. Biochem Soc Trans35: 721–723.
Murray TM, Rao LG, Divieti P, Bringhurst FR (2005). Parathyroid hormone secretion and action: evidence for discrete receptors for the carboxyl-terminal region and related biological actions of carboxyl-terminal ligands. Endocr Rev26: 78–113.
Poole KES, Reeve J (2005). Parathyroid hormone – a bone anabolic and catabolic agent. Curr Opin Pharmacol5: 612–617.
Potts JT (2005). Parathyroid hormone: past and present. J Endocrinol187: 311–325.
References
- Hoare SR, et al. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:27274–27283. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M003910200. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jonsson KB, et al. Endocrinology. 2001;142:704–709. doi: 10.1210/endo.142.2.7945. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]