Overview: Trace amine-associated receptors (nomenclature as agreed by NC-IUPHAR for trace amine receptors, see Maguire et al., 2009) were initially discovered as a result of a search for novel 5-HT receptors (Borowsky et al., 2001), where 15 mammalian orthologues were identified and divided into two families.
| Nomenclature | TA1 | TA2 |
|---|---|---|
| Other names | TAA1, TaR-1, BO111 | TAA2, GPR58 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000146399 | ENSG00000146378 |
| Principal transduction | Gs | Gs |
| Potency order | Tyramine ≥ PEA > octopamine = dopamine (Borowsky et al., 2001) | PEA > tryptamine (Borowsky et al., 2001) |
| Probes | [3H]-Tyramine (20 nM, Borowsky et al., 2001) | – |
TAAR3 (BO107, ENSMUSG00000069708, ENSRNOG00000025982), in some individuals, and TAAR4 (ENSMUSG00000069707, ENSRNOG00000029877) are pseudogenes in man, although functional in rodents. The signalling characteristics and pharmacology of TAA5 (PNR, Putative Neurotransmitter Receptor, ENSG00000135569), TAA6 (Trace amine receptor 4, TaR-4, ENSG00000146383), TAA8 (Trace amine receptor 5, GPR102, ENSG00000146385) and TAA9 (trace amine-associated receptor 9, ENSG00000188604) are lacking. The thyronamines, endogenous derivatives of thyroid hormone, have been shown to have affinity for rodent cloned trace amine receptors, including TA1 (Scanlan et al., 2004).
Glossary
Abbreviation:
- PEA
2-phenylethylamine
Further Reading
Burchett SA, Hicks TP (2006). The mysterious trace amines: protean neuromodulators of synaptic transmission in mammalian brain. Prog Neurobiol79: 223–246.
Grandy DK (2007). Trace amine-associated receptor 1-Family archetype or iconoclast? Pharmacol Ther116: 355–390.
Maguire JJ, Parker WA, Foord SM, Bonner TI, Neubig RR, Davenport AP (2009). International Union of Pharmacology. LXXII. Recommendations for trace amine receptor nomenclature. Pharmacol Rev61: 1–8.
Sotnikova TD, Caron MG, Gainetdinov RR (2009). Trace amine-associated receptors as emerging therapeutic targets. Mol Pharmacol76: 229–235.
Zucchi R, Chiellini G, Scanlan TS, Grandy DK (2006). Trace amine-associated receptors and their ligands. Br J Pharmacol149: 967–978.
References
- Borowsky B, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:8966–8971. doi: 10.1073/pnas.151105198. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scanlan TS, et al. Nat Med. 2004;10:638–642. doi: 10.1038/nm1051. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]