Adiponectin

Overview: Adiponectin receptors (provisional nomenclature, ENSF00000002482) respond to the 30 kDa complement-related protein hormone adiponectin (also known as adipocyte, C1q and collagen domain-containing protein; ACRP30, adipose most abundant gene transcript 1; apM-1; gelatin-binding protein; ENSG00000181092) originally cloned from adipocytes (Maeda et al., 1996). Although sequence data suggest 7TM domains, immunological evidence indicates that, contrary to typical 7TM topology, the carboxyl terminus is extracellular, while the amino terminus is intracellular (Yamauchi et al., 2003). Signalling through these receptors appears to avoid G proteins. Adiponectin receptors appear rather to stimulate protein phosphorylation via AMP-activated protein kinase and MAP kinase pathways (Yamauchi et al., 2003), possibly through the protein partner APPL1 (adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 1, ENSG00000157500, Mao et al., 2006).

Nomenclature	Adipo1	Adipo2
Other names	AdipoR1, progestin and adipoQ receptor family member I, CGI45	AdipoR2, progestin and adipoQ receptor family member II
Ensembl ID	ENSG00000159346	ENSG00000006831
Rank order of potency	gAdipo > flAdipo	gAdipo = flAdipo

T-Cadherin has also been suggested to be a receptor for (hexameric) adiponectin (Hug et al., 2004).

Glossary

Abbreviations:

flAdipo

full-length adiponectin

gAdipo

globular adiponectin

Further Reading

Goldstein BJ, Scalia RG, Ma XL (2009). Protective vascular and myocardial effects of adiponectin. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med6: 27–35.

Hopkins TA, Ouchi N, Shibata R, Walsh K (2007). Adiponectin actions in the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res74: 11–18.

Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T, Kubota N, Hara K, Ueki K, Tobe K (2006). Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest116: 1784–1792.

Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T, Kubota N (2008). The physiological and pathophysiological role of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in the peripheral tissues and CNS. FEBS Lett582: 74–80.

Kelesidis I, Kelesidis T, Mantzoros CS (2006). Adiponectin and cancer: a systematic review. Br J Cancer94: 1221–1225.

Maynadier M, Basile I, Gary-Bobo M (2009). Adiponectin normalization: a clue to the anti-metabolic syndrome action of rimonabant. Drug Discov Today14: 192–197.

Okamoto Y, Kihara S, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Libby P (2006). Adiponectin: a key adipocytokine in metabolic syndrome. Clin Sci110: 267–278.

Ouchi N, Shibata R, Walsh K (2006). Cardioprotection by adiponectin. Trends Cardiovasc Med16: 141–146.

Shetty S, Kusminski CM, Scherer PE (2009). Adiponectin in health and disease: evaluation of adiponectin-targeted drug development strategies. Trends Pharmacol Sci30: 234–239.

Sun Y, Xun K, Wang C, Zhao H, Bi H, Chen X et al. (2009). Adiponectin, an unlocking adipocytokine. Cardiovasc Ther27: 59–75.

Szmitko PE, Teoh H, Stewart DJ, Verma S (2007). Adiponectin and cardiovascular disease: state of the art? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol292: H1655–H1663.

Tilg H, Moschen AR (2008). Role of adiponectin and PBEF/visfatin as regulators of inflammation: involvement in obesity-associated diseases. Clin Sci (Lond)114: 275–288.

Vasseur F (2006). Adiponectin and its receptors: partners contributing to the ‘vicious circle’ leading to the metabolic syndrome? Pharmacol Res53: 478–481.

Wang Y, Lam KS, Yau MH, Xu A (2008). Post-translational modifications of adiponectin: mechanisms and functional implications. Biochem J409: 623–633.

Zhu W, Cheng KK, Vanhoutte PM, Lam KS, Xu A (2008). Vascular effects of adiponectin: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic intervention. Clin Sci (Lond)114: 361–374.