Skip to main content
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1980 Mar;33(3):993–1003. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.3.993-1003.1980

env Gene of Rous sarcoma virus: identification of the gene product by cell-free translation.

T Pawson, P Mellon, P H Duesberg, G S Martin
PMCID: PMC288633  PMID: 6245279

Abstract

Cell-free translation of polyadenylic acid-selected, denatured virion 70S RNA of the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (subgroup A) yields a 64,000-Mr polypeptide which is specifically immunoprecipitated by a group-specific serum raised against envelope glycoprotein gp85. This polypeptide is not synthesized from the virion RNA of the replication-defective mutant rdNY8SR-A, which contains an extensive deletion within the envelope (env) gene. From this genetic evidence we conclude that the 64,000-Mr polypeptide represents the nonglycosylated product of the env gene and propose the designation of P64env. The 64,000-Mr polypeptide is translated from a 26S to 28S polyadenylated RNA species, whereas the p60src product is synthesized from a 20S to 22S RNA, and both Pr76gag and P180gag-pol are synthesized predominately from 34S RNA. The product of the env gene of Rous-associated virus-2 was also identified by cell-free translation.

Full text

PDF
993

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Beemon K., Hunter T. Characterization of Rous sarcoma virus src gene products synthesized in vitro. J Virol. 1978 Nov;28(2):551–566. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.2.551-566.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bishop J. M. Retroviruses. Annu Rev Biochem. 1978;47:35–88. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.47.070178.000343. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bolognesi D. P., Bauer H., Gelderblom H., Hüper G. Polypeptides of avian RNA tumor viruses. IV. Components of the viral envelope. Virology. 1972 Mar;47(3):551–566. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90545-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bolognesi D. P. Structural components of rna tumor viruses. Adv Virus Res. 1974;19:315–359. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60663-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brugge J. S., Erikson R. L. Identification of a transformation-specific antigen induced by an avian sarcoma virus. Nature. 1977 Sep 22;269(5626):346–348. doi: 10.1038/269346a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Collins J. J., Montelaro R. C., Denny T. P., Ishizaki R., Langlois A. J., Bolognest D. P. Normal chicken cells (chf-) express a surface antigen which cross-reacts with determinants of the major envelope glycoprotein (gp85) of avian myeloblastosis virus. Virology. 1978 May 1;86(1):205–216. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90021-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Diggelmann H. Biosynthesis of an unglycosylated envelope glycoprotein of Rous sarcoma virus in the presence of tunicamycin. J Virol. 1979 Jun;30(3):799–804. doi: 10.1128/jvi.30.3.799-804.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Galehouse D. M., Duesberg P. H. Glycoproteins of avian tumor virus recombinants: evidence for intragenic crossing-over. J Virol. 1978 Jan;25(1):86–96. doi: 10.1128/jvi.25.1.86-96.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hanafusa T., Miyamoto T., Hanafusa H. A type of chick embryo cell that fails to support formation of infectious RSV. Virology. 1970 Jan;40(1):55–64. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90378-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hayward W. S. Size and genetic content of viral RNAs in avian oncovirus-infected cells. J Virol. 1977 Oct;24(1):47–63. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.1.47-63.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kawai S., Duesberg P. H., Hanafusa H. Transformation-defective mutants of Rous sarcoma virus with src gene deletions of varying length. J Virol. 1977 Dec;24(3):910–914. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.3.910-914.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kawai S., Hanafusa H. Isolation of defective mutant of avian sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Dec;70(12):3493–3497. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3493. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kessler S. W. Rapid isolation of antigens from cells with a staphylococcal protein A-antibody adsorbent: parameters of the interaction of antibody-antigen complexes with protein A. J Immunol. 1975 Dec;115(6):1617–1624. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Klemenz R., Diggelmann H. The generation of the two envelope glycoproteins of Rous sarcoma virus from a common precursor polypeptide. Virology. 1978 Mar;85(1):63–74. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90411-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Krantz M. J., Lee Y. C., Hung P. P. Characterization and comparison of the major glycoprotein from three strains of Rous sarcoma virus. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1976 May;174(1):66–73. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90324-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Leamnson R. N., Halpern M. S. Subunit structure of the glycoprotein complex of avian tumor virus. J Virol. 1976 Jun;18(3):956–968. doi: 10.1128/jvi.18.3.956-968.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Marciani D. J., Papamatheakis J. D. Anomalous behavior of the major avian myeloblastosis virus glycoprotein in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. J Virol. 1978 Jun;26(3):825–827. doi: 10.1128/jvi.26.3.825-827.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Martin G. S., Radke K., Hughes S., Quintrell N., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Mutants of Rous sarcoma virus with extensive deletions of the viral genome. Virology. 1979 Jul 30;96(2):530–546. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90109-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Martin G. S. Rous sarcoma virus: a function required for the maintenance of the transformed state. Nature. 1970 Sep 5;227(5262):1021–1023. doi: 10.1038/2271021a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mason W. S., Hsu T. W., Yeater C., Sabran J. L., Mark G. E., Kaji A., Taylor J. M. Avian sarcoma virus-transformed quail clones defective in the production of focus-forming virus. J Virol. 1979 Apr;30(1):132–140. doi: 10.1128/jvi.30.1.132-140.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Mellon P., Duesberg P. H. Subgenomic, cellular Rous sarcoma virus RNAs contain oligonucleotides from the 3' half and the 5' terminus of virion RNA. Nature. 1977 Dec 15;270(5638):631–634. doi: 10.1038/270631a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mellon P., Pawson A., Bister K., Martin G. S., Duesberg P. H. Specific RNA sequences and gene products of MC29 avian acute leukemia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Dec;75(12):5874–5878. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.12.5874. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Moelling K., Hayami M. Analysis of precursors to the envelope glycoproteins of avian RNA tumor viruses in chicken and quail cells. J Virol. 1977 Jun;22(3):598–607. doi: 10.1128/jvi.22.3.598-607.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Oppermann H., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E., Levintow L. A joint produce of the genes gag and pol of avian sarcoma virus: a possible precursor of reverse transcriptase. Cell. 1977 Dec;12(4):993–1005. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90164-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Paterson B. M., Marciani D. J., Papas T. S. Cell-free synthesis of the precursor polypeptide for avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Nov;74(11):4951–4954. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.11.4951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Pawson T., Harvey R., Smith A. E. The size of Rous sarcoma virus mRNAs active in cell-free translation. Nature. 1977 Aug 4;268(5619):416–420. doi: 10.1038/268416a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Pawson T., Martin G. S., Smith A. E. Cell-free translation of virion RNA from nondefective and transformation-defective Rous sarcoma viruses. J Virol. 1976 Sep;19(3):950–967. doi: 10.1128/jvi.19.3.950-967.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Pelham H. R., Jackson R. J. An efficient mRNA-dependent translation system from reticulocyte lysates. Eur J Biochem. 1976 Aug 1;67(1):247–256. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10656.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Purchio A. F., Erikson E., Brugge J. S., Erikson R. L. Identification of a polypeptide encoded by the avian sarcoma virus src gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Mar;75(3):1567–1571. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.3.1567. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Purchio A. F., Erikson E., Erikson R. L. Translation of 35S and of subgenomic regions of avian sarcoma virus RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4661–4665. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4661. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Rohrschneider L., Bauer H., Bolognesi D. P. Group-specific antigenic determinants of the large envelope glycoprotein of avian oncornaviruses. Virology. 1975 Sep;67(1):234–241. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90420-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Vogt V. M., Eisenman R., Diggelmann H. Generation of avian myeloblastosis virus structural proteins by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor polypeptide. J Mol Biol. 1975 Aug 15;96(3):471–493. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90174-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Wang L. H., Duesberg P. H., Kawai S., Hanafusa H. Location of envelope-specific and sarcoma-specific oligonucleotides on RNA of Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Feb;73(2):447–451. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.2.447. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Wang L. H., Duesberg P., Beemon K., Vogt P. K. Mapping RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides of avian tumor virus RNAs: sarcoma-specific oligonucleotides are near the poly(A) end and oligonucleotides common to sarcoma and transformation-defective viruses are at the poly(A) end. J Virol. 1975 Oct;16(4):1051–1070. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.4.1051-1070.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Weiss S. R., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. The size and genetic composition of virus-specific RNAs in the cytoplasm of cells producing avian sarcoma-leukosis viruses. Cell. 1977 Dec;12(4):983–992. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90163-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES