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. 1992 Apr;66(4):2428–2434. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.4.2428-2434.1992

Efficacy of oral administration of live herpes simplex virus type 1 as a vaccine.

H Irie 1, Y Harada 1, M Kataoka 1, M Nagamuta 1, Y Moriya 1, M Handa 1, M Saito 1, S Matsubara 1, K Kojima 1, Y Sugawara 1
PMCID: PMC289038  PMID: 1312638

Abstract

Mice given herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (Miyama +GC strain) intragastrically via a stainless-steel cannula were rendered immune to subsequent lethal intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge with HSV-1. The orally administered HSV-1 was completely inactivated in the stomach within a few minutes of inoculation. However, systemic immunity was established 14 days after oral inoculation with the virus and retained for up to 6 months. The mechanisms of establishing systemic immunity were investigated by means of adoptive transfer comparisons. When splenic cells from HSV-1-immunized mice were transplanted into nonimmunized mice, all of the recipient mice survived after a lethal i.p. challenge with the virus. Immunity was not established in antithymocyte serum-treated mice or by transfer of serum from immunized to nonimmunized mice. In addition, all HSV-1-immunized mice died after lethal challenge with HSV-2 and influenza virus A. These findings suggest that the immunity was virus specific, with T lymphocytes playing a major role in its establishment. The present study therefore supports the possibility of oral immunization with live HSV-1 as a vaccine.

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Selected References

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