Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1992 Apr;66(4):2484–2490. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.4.2484-2490.1992

Characterization of dexamethasone-induced reactivation of latent bovine herpesvirus 1.

D Rock 1, J Lokensgard 1, T Lewis 1, G Kutish 1
PMCID: PMC289044  PMID: 1312639

Abstract

Synchronous reactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in all latently infected rabbits was achieved following a single intravenous dose of dexamethasone. Reactivated latent virus was first present in ocular secretions between 48 and 72 h post-dexamethasone treatment (PT). Cell-free infectious virus, viral-antigen-containing neurons, and pathologic changes were detectable in trigeminal ganglia (TG) by 48 h PT. A shift from the viral transcriptional pattern characteristic of the latent state (latency-related RNA [LR RNA]) to one typical of that seen during acute infection was detected in a small number of neurons in latently infected TG between 15 and 18 h PT, with viral DNA first detectable by in situ hybridization at 18 to 21 h PT. The number of LR RNA-containing neurons in latently infected TG decreased significantly at 24 and 48 h PT but returned to near-normal levels by 72 h PT. Correlation of this decrease with viral reactivation suggests that altered regulation of LR RNA transcription is a significant event in the process of viral reactivation.

Full text

PDF
2484

Images in this article

2486Image
on p.2486

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baumann H., Firestone G. L., Burgess T. L., Gross K. W., Yamamoto K. R., Held W. A. Dexamethasone regulation of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and other acute phase reactants in rat liver and hepatoma cells. J Biol Chem. 1983 Jan 10;258(1):563–570. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bitsch V. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection in bulls, with special reference to preputial infection. Appl Microbiol. 1973 Sep;26(3):337–343. doi: 10.1128/am.26.3.337-343.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brahic M., Haase A. T. Detection of viral sequences of low reiteration frequency by in situ hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Dec;75(12):6125–6129. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.12.6125. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brown G. A., Field H. J. Experimental reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) by means of corticosteroids in an intranasal rabbit model. Arch Virol. 1990;112(1-2):81–101. doi: 10.1007/BF01348987. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Davies D. H., Carmichael L. E. Role of cell-mediated immunity in the recovery of cattle from primary and recurrent infections with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Infect Immun. 1973 Oct;8(4):510–518. doi: 10.1128/iai.8.4.510-518.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Davies D. H., Duncan J. R. The pathogenesis of recurrent infections with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus induced in calves by treatment with corticosteroids. Cornell Vet. 1974 Jul;64(3):340–366. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Homan E. J., Easterday B. C. Isolation of bovine herpesvirus-1 from trigeminal ganglia of clinically normal cattle. Am J Vet Res. 1980 Aug;41(8):1212–1213. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Huck R. A., Millar P. G., Woods D. G. Experimental infection of maiden heifers by the vagina with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvo-vaginitis virus. An epidemiological study. J Comp Pathol. 1973 Apr;83(2):271–279. doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(73)90052-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Jones C., Delhon G., Bratanich A., Kutish G., Rock D. Analysis of the transcriptional promoter which regulates the latency-related transcript of bovine herpesvirus 1. J Virol. 1990 Mar;64(3):1164–1170. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.3.1164-1170.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kutish G., Mainprize T., Rock D. Characterization of the latency-related transcriptionally active region of the bovine herpesvirus 1 genome. J Virol. 1990 Dec;64(12):5730–5737. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.12.5730-5737.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Narita M., Inui S., Namba K., Shimizu Y. Neural changes in calves after intraconjunctival inoculation with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. J Comp Pathol. 1978 Jul;88(3):387–394. doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(78)90042-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Narita M., Inui S., Namba K., Shimizu Y. Neural changes in recurrent infection of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in calves treated with dexamethasone. Am J Vet Res. 1978 Sep;39(9):1399–1403. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Narita M., Inui S., Namba K., Shimizu Y. Trigeminal ganglionitis and encephalitis in calves intranasally inoculated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. J Comp Pathol. 1976 Jan;86(1):93–100. doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(76)90033-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Narita M., Inui S., Nanba K., Shimizu Y. Recrudescence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and associated neural changes in calves treated with dexamethasone. Am J Vet Res. 1981 Jul;42(7):1192–1197. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Rock D. L., Beam S. L., Mayfield J. E. Mapping bovine herpesvirus type 1 latency-related RNA in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected rabbits. J Virol. 1987 Dec;61(12):3827–3831. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.12.3827-3831.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Rock D. L., Hagemoser W. A., Osorio F. A., Reed D. E. Detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 RNA in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected rabbits by in situ hybridization. J Gen Virol. 1986 Nov;67(Pt 11):2515–2520. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-67-11-2515. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rock D. L., Reed D. E. Persistent infection with bovine herpesvirus type 1: rabbit model. Infect Immun. 1982 Jan;35(1):371–373. doi: 10.1128/iai.35.1.371-373.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sheffy B. E., Davies D. H. Reactivation of a bovine herpesvirus after corticosteroid treatment. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1972 Jul;140(3):974–976. doi: 10.3181/00379727-140-36592. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Stroop W. G., Rock D. L., Fraser N. W. Localization of herpes simplex virus in the trigeminal and olfactory systems of the mouse central nervous system during acute and latent infections by in situ hybridization. Lab Invest. 1984 Jul;51(1):27–38. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Wirth U. V., Gunkel K., Engels M., Schwyzer M. Spatial and temporal distribution of bovine herpesvirus 1 transcripts. J Virol. 1989 Nov;63(11):4882–4889. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.11.4882-4889.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Yamamoto K. R. Steroid receptor regulated transcription of specific genes and gene networks. Annu Rev Genet. 1985;19:209–252. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.19.120185.001233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES