Table 1.
Participant Mean (and Standard Deviation) Characteristics at Time 2
| Experiment 1: Young adults |
Experiment 2: Older adults |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Video/piano players | Piano players | Control | |
| Gender | 5 F/7 M | 2 F/4 M | 5 F/3 M |
| Age (in years) | 19.80 (1.22) | 73.50 (7.04) | 75.50 (6.66) |
| Education (in years) | 12.92 (0.99) | 16.33 (2.88) | 15.50 (2.93) |
| Self-rated health1 | 4.33 (0.65) | 4.17 (0.98) | 3.86 (1.07) |
| WAIS-III2 vocabulary* | 36.58 (7.68) | 56.33 (1.63) | 46.63 (12.88) |
| WAIS-III digit symbol* | 80.92 (13.99) | 73.17 (10.44) | 63.00 (12.01) |
| WAIS-III digit span* | 18.25 (3.72) | 20.83 (2.23) | 15 (4.14) |
| WMS-III3 spatial span | 17.33 (4.74) | 13.33 (1.63) | 11.38 (4.44) |
*
Piano Players > Controls, p < .01 for Experiment 2.
1
Self-rated health responses ranged from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent).
2
WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd Edition.
3
WMS-III = Wechsler Memory Scale, 3rd Edition.