Spontaneous proliferation of PBMC subsets. Proliferation was measured by CFSE dilution in cells cultured for seven days without exogenous stimulation. (A) Among HTLV-1 infected subjects CD8+ T cells and CD16+ NK cells showed the highest levels of spontaneous proliferation. (B) Spontaneous proliferation was measured in subjects with HAM/TSP (n = 6), HTLV-1 carriers (n = 15), and normal controls (n = 16). A minimum of 30,000 live lymphocytes was collected for each subject, and cell subsets with at least 100 gated events were included for analysis of proliferation (%CFSElow). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.