Effect of glucose on binding of NF-κB and Sp1/Sp3 regulatory elements in predicted PRR promoter. Panels A and B, In vivo mapping of NF-κB by ChIP. Panel C, NF-κB EMSA and competitive EMSA. Panels D and E, In vivo mapping of Sp1 and Sp3 by ChIP. F, Sp1/Sp3 EMSA and competitive EMSA. Oligo, NF-κB probes to NF-κB binding elements A and B and Sp1 probes to Sp1 or Sp3 binding elements G as shown in Fig. 1. NE, Nuclear extract. Glucose (−), Control (5 mm d-glucose + 25 mm l-glucose); glucose (+), 30 mm d-glucose. ChIP assay is based on three independent experiments and EMSA is a representative of three experiments.