Skip to main content
The Journal of Clinical Investigation logoLink to The Journal of Clinical Investigation
. 1965 Mar;44(3):379–389. doi: 10.1172/JCI105151

Spectrochemical Analysis of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Copper, and Zinc in Normal Human Erythrocytes*

Leslie S Valberg 1,, James M Holt 1, Eleanor Paulson 1, John Szivek 1
PMCID: PMC292488  PMID: 14271298

Full text

PDF
379

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BERNSTEIN R. E. Potassium and sodium balance in mammalian red cells. Science. 1954 Sep 17;120(3116):459–460. doi: 10.1126/science.120.3116.459. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BOLINGBROKE V., MAIZELS M. Calcium ions and the permeability of human erythrocytes. J Physiol. 1959 Dec;149:563–585. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006361. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. CARUBELLI R., SMITH W. O., HAMMARSTEN J. F. Determination of magnesium in erythrocytes. J Lab Clin Med. 1958 Jun;51(6):964–967. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. CHOREMIS C., ECONOMOU-MAVROU C., TSENGHI C. Sodium potassium, water, and haemoglobin in the packed red cells of severe thalassaemia. J Clin Pathol. 1961 Nov;14:637–643. doi: 10.1136/jcp.14.6.637. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. CROSBY W. H., MUNN J. I., FURTH F. W. Standardizing a method for clinical hemoglobinometry. U S Armed Forces Med J. 1954 May;5(5):693–703. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. CZACZKES J. W., ULLMANN T. D., ULLMANNL, BAR-KOCHBA Z. Determination of the red blood cell content of water, sodium, and potassium in normal subjects. J Lab Clin Med. 1963 May;61:873–878. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. DENNES E., TUPPER R., WORMALL A. The zinc content of erythrocytes and leucocytes of blood from normal and leukaemic subjects. Biochem J. 1961 Mar;78:578–587. doi: 10.1042/bj0780578. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. DOWBEN R. M., HOLLEY K. R. Erythrocyte electrolytes in muscle disease. J Lab Clin Med. 1959 Dec;54:867–870. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DUNHAM E. T., GLYNN I. M. Adenosinetriphosphatase activity and the active movements of alkali metal ions. J Physiol. 1961 Apr;156:274–293. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1961.sp006675. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. FREDRICKS R. E., TANAKA K. R., VALENTINE W. N. A method for measuring zinc in leucocytes and erythrocytes. Anal Biochem. 1961 Apr;2:169–173. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(61)90066-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. FREEMAN A. R., SPIRTES M. A. A RAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF INTRACELLULAR SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE MAMMALIAN ERYTHROCYTE. Clin Chim Acta. 1963 Jul;8:641–644. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(63)90124-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. GLYNN I. M. Sodium and potassium movements in human red cells. J Physiol. 1956 Nov 28;134(2):278–310. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1956.sp005643. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. HERRING W. B., LEAVELL B. S., PAIXO L. M., YOE J. H. Trace metals in human plasma and red blood cells. A study of magnesium, chromium, nickel, copper and zinc. I. Obser- vations of normal subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1960 Nov-Dec;8:846–854. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/6.2.846. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. HOLT J. M., LUX W., VALBERG L. S. APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION OF HIGHLY PURIFIED WATER SUITABLE FOR TRACE METAL ANALYSIS. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1963 Sep;41:2029–2034. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. HUTT M. P. Effect of disease on erythrocyte and plasma potassium concentrations. Am J Med Sci. 1952 Feb;223(2):176–181. doi: 10.1097/00000441-195202000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. KEITER H. G., BERMAN H., JONES H., MACLACHLAN E. The chemical composition of normal human red blood cells, including variability among centrifuged cells. Blood. 1955 Apr;10(4):370–376. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. KESSLER E., LEVY M. R., ALLEN R. L., Jr Red cell electrolytes in patients with edema. J Lab Clin Med. 1961 Jan;57:32–41. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. KOCH H. J., Jr, SMITH E. R., SHIMP N. F., CONNOR J. Analysis of trace elements in human tissues. I. Normal tissues. Cancer. 1956 May-Jun;9(3):499–511. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(195605/06)9:3<499::aid-cncr2820090311>3.0.co;2-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. LAHEY M. E., GUBLER C. J., CARTWRIGHT G. E., WINTROBE M. M. Studies on copper metabolism. VII. Blood copper in pregnancy and various pathologic states. J Clin Invest. 1953 Apr;32(4):329–339. doi: 10.1172/JCI102743. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. LANS H. S., STEIN I. F., Jr, MEYER K. A. The relation of serum potassium to erythrocyte potassium in normal subjects and patients with potassium deficiency. Am J Med Sci. 1952 Jan;223(1):65–74. doi: 10.1097/00000441-195201000-00011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. LEFEVRE P. G. THE OSMOTICALLY FUNCTIONAL WATER CONTENT OF THE HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE. J Gen Physiol. 1964 Jan;47:585–603. doi: 10.1085/jgp.47.3.585. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. MACINTYRE I. The flame-spectrophotometric determination of calcium in biological fluids and an isotopic analysis of the errors in the Kramer-Tisdall procedure. Biochem J. 1957 Sep;67(1):164–172. doi: 10.1042/bj0670164. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. MCCANCE R. A., WIDDOWSON E. M. The effect of development, anaemia and undernutrition on the composition of the erythrocytes. Clin Sci. 1956 Aug;15(3):409–416. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Maizels M. The anion and cation contents of normal and anaemic bloods. Biochem J. 1936 May;30(5):821–830. doi: 10.1042/bj0300821. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. McGOVERN J. J., JONES A. R., STEINBERG A. G. The hematocrit of capillary blood. N Engl J Med. 1955 Aug 25;253(8):308–312. doi: 10.1056/NEJM195508252530802. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. NICHOLS G., Jr, NICHOLS N. Electrolyte equilibria in erythrocytes during diabetic acidosis. J Clin Invest. 1953 Feb;32(2):113–120. doi: 10.1172/JCI102718. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. RIECKER G. Uber den intracellulären Wasser- und Elektrolytstoffwechsel; Untersuchungen an Erythrocyten. I. Methodik; Trink- und Durstversuche, Salzentzug und Salzzufuhr. Klin Wochenschr. 1957 Dec 1;35(23):1158–1163. doi: 10.1007/BF01497703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. SELWYN J. G., DACIE J. V. Autohemolysis and other changes resulting from the incubation in vitro of red cells from patients with congenital hemolytic anemia. Blood. 1954 May;9(5):414–438. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. SINGER M. M., HOFF H. R., FISCH S., DEGRAFF A. C. RED BLOOD CELL POTASSIUM; THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS. JAMA. 1964 Jan 4;187:24–26. doi: 10.1001/jama.1964.03060140030007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. SOLOMON A. K. The permeability of the human erythrocyte to sodium and potassium. J Gen Physiol. 1952 May;36(1):57–110. doi: 10.1085/jgp.36.1.57. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. TALBOT T. R., Jr, ROSS J. F. The zinc content of plasma and erythrocytes of patients with pernicious anemia, sickle cell anemia, polycythemia vera, leukemia, and neoplastic disease. Lab Invest. 1960 Jan-Feb;9:174–184. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. VIDEBAEK A., ACKERMANN P. G. The potassium content of plasma and red cells in various age groups. J Gerontol. 1953 Jan;8(1):63–64. doi: 10.1093/geronj/8.1.63. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. WALLACH S., CAHILL L. N., ROGAN F. H., JONES H. L. Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium in health and disease. J Lab Clin Med. 1962 Feb;59:195–210. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. WALLACH S., ZEMP J. W., CAVINS J. A., JENKINS L. J., Jr, BETHEA M., FRESHETTE L., HAYNES L. L., TULLIS J. L. Cation flux and electrolyte composition of frozen-deglycerolized blood. Blood. 1962 Sep;20:344–354. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. ZAK B., NALBANDIAN R. M., WILLIAMS L. A., COHEN J. Determination of human erythrocyte zinc: hemoglobin ratios. Clin Chim Acta. 1962 Sep;7:634–638. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(62)90142-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Investigation are provided here courtesy of American Society for Clinical Investigation

RESOURCES