Skip to main content
The Journal of Clinical Investigation logoLink to The Journal of Clinical Investigation
. 1994 Nov;94(5):1722–1728. doi: 10.1172/JCI117519

The pathophysiologic role of alpha 4 integrins in vivo.

R R Lobb 1, M E Hemler 1
PMCID: PMC294562  PMID: 7525645

Full text

PDF
1722

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abraham W. M., Sielczak M. W., Ahmed A., Cortes A., Lauredo I. T., Kim J., Pepinsky B., Benjamin C. D., Leone D. R., Lobb R. R. Alpha 4-integrins mediate antigen-induced late bronchial responses and prolonged airway hyperresponsiveness in sheep. J Clin Invest. 1994 Feb;93(2):776–787. doi: 10.1172/JCI117032. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anwar A. R., Moqbel R., Walsh G. M., Kay A. B., Wardlaw A. J. Adhesion to fibronectin prolongs eosinophil survival. J Exp Med. 1993 Mar 1;177(3):839–843. doi: 10.1084/jem.177.3.839. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Baron J. L., Madri J. A., Ruddle N. H., Hashim G., Janeway C. A., Jr Surface expression of alpha 4 integrin by CD4 T cells is required for their entry into brain parenchyma. J Exp Med. 1993 Jan 1;177(1):57–68. doi: 10.1084/jem.177.1.57. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Baron J. L., Reich E. P., Visintin I., Janeway C. A., Jr The pathogenesis of adoptive murine autoimmune diabetes requires an interaction between alpha 4-integrins and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. J Clin Invest. 1994 Apr;93(4):1700–1708. doi: 10.1172/JCI117153. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bednarczyk J. L., Szabo M. C., Wygant J. N., Lazarovits A. I., McIntyre B. W. Identification of a combinatorial epitope expressed by the integrin alpha 4 beta 1 heterodimer involved in the regulation of cell adhesion. J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 18;269(11):8348–8354. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bell R. G., Issekutz T. Expression of a protective intestinal immune response can be inhibited at three distinct sites by treatment with anti-alpha 4 integrin. J Immunol. 1993 Nov 1;151(9):4790–4802. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Berlin C., Berg E. L., Briskin M. J., Andrew D. P., Kilshaw P. J., Holzmann B., Weissman I. L., Hamann A., Butcher E. C. Alpha 4 beta 7 integrin mediates lymphocyte binding to the mucosal vascular addressin MAdCAM-1. Cell. 1993 Jul 16;74(1):185–195. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90305-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bevilacqua M. P. Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules. Annu Rev Immunol. 1993;11:767–804. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.004003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bochner B. S., Luscinskas F. W., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Newman W., Sterbinsky S. A., Derse-Anthony C. P., Klunk D., Schleimer R. P. Adhesion of human basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils to interleukin 1-activated human vascular endothelial cells: contributions of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. J Exp Med. 1991 Jun 1;173(6):1553–1557. doi: 10.1084/jem.173.6.1553. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Burkly L. C., Jakubowski A., Hattori M. Protection against adoptive transfer of autoimmune diabetes mediated through very late antigen-4 integrin. Diabetes. 1994 Apr;43(4):529–534. doi: 10.2337/diab.43.4.529. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Burkly L. C., Jakubowski A., Newman B. M., Rosa M. D., Chi-Rosso G., Lobb R. R. Signaling by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) through VLA-4 promotes CD3-dependent T cell proliferation. Eur J Immunol. 1991 Nov;21(11):2871–2875. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830211132. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Carlos T. M., Harlan J. M. Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules. Blood. 1994 Oct 1;84(7):2068–2101. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Carlos T. M., Schwartz B. R., Kovach N. L., Yee E., Rosa M., Osborn L., Chi-Rosso G., Newman B., Lobb R., Rosso M. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mediates lymphocyte adherence to cytokine-activated cultured human endothelial cells. Blood. 1990 Sep 1;76(5):965–970. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Chan B. M., Elices M. J., Murphy E., Hemler M. E. Adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and fibronectin. Comparison of alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7 on the human B cell line JY. J Biol Chem. 1992 Apr 25;267(12):8366–8370. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Chan B. M., Kassner P. D., Schiro J. A., Byers H. R., Kupper T. S., Hemler M. E. Distinct cellular functions mediated by different VLA integrin alpha subunit cytoplasmic domains. Cell. 1992 Mar 20;68(6):1051–1060. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90077-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Chan P. Y., Aruffo A. VLA-4 integrin mediates lymphocyte migration on the inducible endothelial cell ligand VCAM-1 and the extracellular matrix ligand fibronectin. J Biol Chem. 1993 Nov 25;268(33):24655–24664. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Chisholm P. L., Williams C. A., Lobb R. R. Monoclonal antibodies to the integrin alpha-4 subunit inhibit the murine contact hypersensitivity response. Eur J Immunol. 1993 Mar;23(3):682–688. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830230317. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Chuluyan H. E., Issekutz A. C. VLA-4 integrin can mediate CD11/CD18-independent transendothelial migration of human monocytes. J Clin Invest. 1993 Dec;92(6):2768–2777. doi: 10.1172/JCI116895. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Crowe D. T., Chiu H., Fong S., Weissman I. L. Regulation of the avidity of integrin alpha 4 beta 7 by the beta 7 cytoplasmic domain. J Biol Chem. 1994 May 20;269(20):14411–14418. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Damle N. K., Klussman K., Leytze G., Aruffo A., Linsley P. S., Ledbetter J. A. Costimulation with integrin ligands intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 augments activation-induced death of antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1993 Sep 1;151(5):2368–2379. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Elices M. J., Osborn L., Takada Y., Crouse C., Luhowskyj S., Hemler M. E., Lobb R. R. VCAM-1 on activated endothelium interacts with the leukocyte integrin VLA-4 at a site distinct from the VLA-4/fibronectin binding site. Cell. 1990 Feb 23;60(4):577–584. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90661-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Erle D. J., Briskin M. J., Butcher E. C., Garcia-Pardo A., Lazarovits A. I., Tidswell M. Expression and function of the MAdCAM-1 receptor, integrin alpha 4 beta 7, on human leukocytes. J Immunol. 1994 Jul 15;153(2):517–528. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Ferguson T. A., Kupper T. S. Antigen-independent processes in antigen-specific immunity. A role for alpha 4 integrin. J Immunol. 1993 Feb 15;150(4):1172–1182. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ferguson T. A., Mizutani H., Kupper T. S. Two integrin-binding peptides abrogate T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 15;88(18):8072–8076. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.18.8072. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Freedman A. S., Rhynhart K., Nojima Y., Svahn J., Eliseo L., Benjamin C. D., Morimoto C., Vivier E. Stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in human B cells after ligation of the beta 1 integrin VLA-4. J Immunol. 1993 Mar 1;150(5):1645–1652. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Hamann A., Andrew D. P., Jablonski-Westrich D., Holzmann B., Butcher E. C. Role of alpha 4-integrins in lymphocyte homing to mucosal tissues in vivo. J Immunol. 1994 Apr 1;152(7):3282–3293. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Hemler M. E., Elices M. J., Parker C., Takada Y. Structure of the integrin VLA-4 and its cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion functions. Immunol Rev. 1990 Apr;114:45–65. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1990.tb00561.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Hines K. L., Kulkarni A. B., McCarthy J. B., Tian H., Ward J. M., Christ M., McCartney-Francis N. L., Furcht L. T., Karlsson S., Wahl S. M. Synthetic fibronectin peptides interrupt inflammatory cell infiltration in transforming growth factor beta 1 knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 May 24;91(11):5187–5191. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.11.5187. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Holzmann B., McIntyre B. W., Weissman I. L. Identification of a murine Peyer's patch--specific lymphocyte homing receptor as an integrin molecule with an alpha chain homologous to human VLA-4 alpha. Cell. 1989 Jan 13;56(1):37–46. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90981-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Honda S., Campbell J. J., Andrew D. P., Engelhardt B., Butcher B. A., Warnock R. A., Ye R. D., Butcher E. C. Ligand-induced adhesion to activated endothelium and to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in lymphocytes transfected with the N-formyl peptide receptor. J Immunol. 1994 Apr 15;152(8):4026–4035. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Iida J., Skubitz A. P., Furcht L. T., Wayner E. A., McCarthy J. B. Coordinate role for cell surface chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and alpha 4 beta 1 integrin in mediating melanoma cell adhesion to fibronectin. J Cell Biol. 1992 Jul;118(2):431–444. doi: 10.1083/jcb.118.2.431. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Isberg R. R., Leong J. M. Multiple beta 1 chain integrins are receptors for invasin, a protein that promotes bacterial penetration into mammalian cells. Cell. 1990 Mar 9;60(5):861–871. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90099-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Isobe M., Suzuki J., Yagita H., Okumura K., Sekiguchi M. Effect of anti-VCAM-1 and anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibodies on cardiac allograft survival and response to soluble antigens in mice. Transplant Proc. 1994 Apr;26(2):867–868. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Issekutz T. B. Dual inhibition of VLA-4 and LFA-1 maximally inhibits cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity-induced inflammation. Am J Pathol. 1993 Nov;143(5):1286–1293. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Issekutz T. B. Inhibition of in vivo lymphocyte migration to inflammation and homing to lymphoid tissues by the TA-2 monoclonal antibody. A likely role for VLA-4 in vivo. J Immunol. 1991 Dec 15;147(12):4178–4184. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Issekutz T. B., Issekutz A. C. T lymphocyte migration to arthritic joints and dermal inflammation in the rat: differing migration patterns and the involvement of VLA-4. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1991 Dec;61(3):436–447. doi: 10.1016/s0090-1229(05)80014-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Kassner P. D., Hemler M. E. Interchangeable alpha chain cytoplasmic domains play a positive role in control of cell adhesion mediated by VLA-4, a beta 1 integrin. J Exp Med. 1993 Aug 1;178(2):649–660. doi: 10.1084/jem.178.2.649. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Kassner P. D., Kawaguchi S., Hemler M. E. Minimum alpha chain cytoplasmic tail sequence needed to support integrin-mediated adhesion. J Biol Chem. 1994 Aug 5;269(31):19859–19867. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Kessinger A., Armitage J. O. The evolving role of autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation following high-dose therapy for malignancies. Blood. 1991 Jan 15;77(2):211–213. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Kilshaw P. J., Murant S. J. A new surface antigen on intraepithelial lymphocytes in the intestine. Eur J Immunol. 1990 Oct;20(10):2201–2207. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830201008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Komoriya A., Green L. J., Mervic M., Yamada S. S., Yamada K. M., Humphries M. J. The minimal essential sequence for a major cell type-specific adhesion site (CS1) within the alternatively spliced type III connecting segment domain of fibronectin is leucine-aspartic acid-valine. J Biol Chem. 1991 Aug 15;266(23):15075–15079. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Koopman G., Keehnen R. M., Lindhout E., Newman W., Shimizu Y., van Seventer G. A., de Groot C., Pals S. T. Adhesion through the LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18)-ICAM-1 (CD54) and the VLA-4 (CD49d)-VCAM-1 (CD106) pathways prevents apoptosis of germinal center B cells. J Immunol. 1994 Apr 15;152(8):3760–3767. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Lazarovits A. I., Karsh J. Differential expression in rheumatoid synovium and synovial fluid of alpha 4 beta 7 integrin. A novel receptor for fibronectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. J Immunol. 1993 Dec 1;151(11):6482–6489. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Makarem R., Newham P., Askari J. A., Green L. J., Clements J., Edwards M., Humphries M. J., Mould A. P. Competitive binding of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and the HepII/IIICS domain of fibronectin to the integrin alpha 4 beta 1. J Biol Chem. 1994 Feb 11;269(6):4005–4011. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Masumoto A., Hemler M. E. Multiple activation states of VLA-4. Mechanistic differences between adhesion to CS1/fibronectin and to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jan 5;268(1):228–234. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Masumoto A., Hemler M. E. Mutation of putative divalent cation sites in the alpha 4 subunit of the integrin VLA-4: distinct effects on adhesion to CS1/fibronectin, VCAM-1, and invasin. J Cell Biol. 1993 Oct;123(1):245–253. doi: 10.1083/jcb.123.1.245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Meerschaert J., Furie M. B. Monocytes use either CD11/CD18 or VLA-4 to migrate across human endothelium in vitro. J Immunol. 1994 Feb 15;152(4):1915–1926. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Miyake K., Hasunuma Y., Yagita H., Kimoto M. Requirement for VLA-4 and VLA-5 integrins in lymphoma cells binding to and migration beneath stromal cells in culture. J Cell Biol. 1992 Nov;119(3):653–662. doi: 10.1083/jcb.119.3.653. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Miyake K., Weissman I. L., Greenberger J. S., Kincade P. W. Evidence for a role of the integrin VLA-4 in lympho-hemopoiesis. J Exp Med. 1991 Mar 1;173(3):599–607. doi: 10.1084/jem.173.3.599. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Molina A., Sánchez-Madrid F., Bricio T., Martín A., Barat A., Alvarez V., Mampaso F. Prevention of mercuric chloride-induced nephritis in the brown Norway rat by treatment with antibodies against the alpha 4 integrin. J Immunol. 1994 Sep 1;153(5):2313–2320. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Mould A. P., Komoriya A., Yamada K. M., Humphries M. J. The CS5 peptide is a second site in the IIICS region of fibronectin recognized by the integrin alpha 4 beta 1. Inhibition of alpha 4 beta 1 function by RGD peptide homologues. J Biol Chem. 1991 Feb 25;266(6):3579–3585. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Mulligan M. S., Johnson K. J., Todd R. F., 3rd, Issekutz T. B., Miyasaka M., Tamatani T., Smith C. W., Anderson D. C., Ward P. A. Requirements for leukocyte adhesion molecules in nephrotoxic nephritis. J Clin Invest. 1993 Feb;91(2):577–587. doi: 10.1172/JCI116237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Mulligan M. S., Smith C. W., Anderson D. C., Todd R. F., 3rd, Miyasaka M., Tamatani T., Issekutz T. B., Ward P. A. Role of leukocyte adhesion molecules in complement-induced lung injury. J Immunol. 1993 Mar 15;150(6):2401–2406. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Mulligan M. S., Wilson G. P., Todd R. F., Smith C. W., Anderson D. C., Varani J., Issekutz T. B., Miyasaka M., Tamatani T., Myasaka M. Role of beta 1, beta 2 integrins and ICAM-1 in lung injury after deposition of IgG and IgA immune complexes. J Immunol. 1993 Mar 15;150(6):2407–2417. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Nakajima H., Sano H., Nishimura T., Yoshida S., Iwamoto I. Role of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1/very late activation antigen 4 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1/lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 interactions in antigen-induced eosinophil and T cell recruitment into the tissue. J Exp Med. 1994 Apr 1;179(4):1145–1154. doi: 10.1084/jem.179.4.1145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Neuhaus H., Hu M. C., Hemler M. E., Takada Y., Holzmann B., Weissman I. L. Cloning and expression of cDNAs for the alpha subunit of the murine lymphocyte-Peyer's patch adhesion molecule. J Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;115(4):1149–1158. doi: 10.1083/jcb.115.4.1149. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Nojima Y., Humphries M. J., Mould A. P., Komoriya A., Yamada K. M., Schlossman S. F., Morimoto C. VLA-4 mediates CD3-dependent CD4+ T cell activation via the CS1 alternatively spliced domain of fibronectin. J Exp Med. 1990 Oct 1;172(4):1185–1192. doi: 10.1084/jem.172.4.1185. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Nojima Y., Rothstein D. M., Sugita K., Schlossman S. F., Morimoto C. Ligation of VLA-4 on T cells stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of a 105-kD protein. J Exp Med. 1992 Apr 1;175(4):1045–1053. doi: 10.1084/jem.175.4.1045. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Orosz C. G., van Buskirk A., Sedmak D. D., Kincade P., Miyake K., Pelletier R. P. Role of the endothelial adhesion molecule VCAM in murine cardiac allograft rejection. Immunol Lett. 1992 Mar;32(1):7–12. doi: 10.1016/0165-2478(92)90191-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Osborn L., Hession C., Tizard R., Vassallo C., Luhowskyj S., Chi-Rosso G., Lobb R. Direct expression cloning of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, a cytokine-induced endothelial protein that binds to lymphocytes. Cell. 1989 Dec 22;59(6):1203–1211. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90775-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Osborn L., Vassallo C., Benjamin C. D. Activated endothelium binds lymphocytes through a novel binding site in the alternately spliced domain of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. J Exp Med. 1992 Jul 1;176(1):99–107. doi: 10.1084/jem.176.1.99. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Osborn L., Vassallo C., Browning B. G., Tizard R., Haskard D. O., Benjamin C. D., Dougas I., Kirchhausen T. Arrangement of domains, and amino acid residues required for binding of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 to its counter-receptor VLA-4 (alpha 4 beta 1). J Cell Biol. 1994 Feb;124(4):601–608. doi: 10.1083/jcb.124.4.601. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Palmer E. L., Rüegg C., Ferrando R., Pytela R., Sheppard D. Sequence and tissue distribution of the integrin alpha 9 subunit, a novel partner of beta 1 that is widely distributed in epithelia and muscle. J Cell Biol. 1993 Dec;123(5):1289–1297. doi: 10.1083/jcb.123.5.1289. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Papayannopoulou T., Nakamoto B. Peripheralization of hemopoietic progenitors in primates treated with anti-VLA4 integrin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 15;90(20):9374–9378. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9374. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Parker C. M., Pujades C., Brenner M. B., Hemler M. E. Alpha 4/180, a novel form of the integrin alpha 4 subunit. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 5;268(10):7028–7035. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Paul L. C., Davidoff A., Benediktsson H., Issekutz T. B. The efficacy of LFA-1 and VLA-4 antibody treatment in rat vascularized cardiac allograft rejection. Transplantation. 1993 May;55(5):1196–1199. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Podolsky D. K., Lobb R., King N., Benjamin C. D., Pepinsky B., Sehgal P., deBeaumont M. Attenuation of colitis in the cotton-top tamarin by anti-alpha 4 integrin monoclonal antibody. J Clin Invest. 1993 Jul;92(1):372–380. doi: 10.1172/JCI116575. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Postigo A. A., Teixidó J., Sánchez-Madrid F. The alpha 4 beta 1/VCAM-1 adhesion pathway in physiology and disease. Res Immunol. 1993 Nov-Dec;144(9):723–762. doi: 10.1016/s0923-2494(93)80057-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Pretolani M., Ruffié C., Joseph D., Campos M. G., Church M. K., Lefort J., Vargaftig B. B. Role of eosinophil activation in the bronchial reactivity of allergic guinea pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 May;149(5):1167–1174. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.5.8173756. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Pretolani M., Ruffié C., Lapa e Silva J. R., Joseph D., Lobb R. R., Vargaftig B. B. Antibody to very late activation antigen 4 prevents antigen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity and cellular infiltration in the guinea pig airways. J Exp Med. 1994 Sep 1;180(3):795–805. doi: 10.1084/jem.180.3.795. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Pulido R., Campanero M. R., García-Pardo A., Sánchez-Madrid F. Structure-function analysis of the human integrin VLA-4 (alpha 4/beta 1). Correlation of proteolytic alpha 4 peptides with alpha 4 epitopes and sites of ligand interaction. FEBS Lett. 1991 Dec 2;294(1-2):121–124. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)81356-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Pulido R., Elices M. J., Campanero M. R., Osborn L., Schiffer S., García-Pardo A., Lobb R., Hemler M. E., Sánchez-Madrid F. Functional evidence for three distinct and independently inhibitable adhesion activities mediated by the human integrin VLA-4. Correlation with distinct alpha 4 epitopes. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 5;266(16):10241–10245. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Rabb H. A., Olivenstein R., Issekutz T. B., Renzi P. M., Martin J. G. The role of the leukocyte adhesion molecules VLA-4, LFA-1, and Mac-1 in allergic airway responses in the rat. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 May;149(5):1186–1191. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.5.8173758. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Romanic A. M., Madri J. A. The induction of 72-kD gelatinase in T cells upon adhesion to endothelial cells is VCAM-1 dependent. J Cell Biol. 1994 Jun;125(5):1165–1178. doi: 10.1083/jcb.125.5.1165. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Rosen G. D., Sanes J. R., LaChance R., Cunningham J. M., Roman J., Dean D. C. Roles for the integrin VLA-4 and its counter receptor VCAM-1 in myogenesis. Cell. 1992 Jun 26;69(7):1107–1119. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90633-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Rüegg C., Postigo A. A., Sikorski E. E., Butcher E. C., Pytela R., Erle D. J. Role of integrin alpha 4 beta 7/alpha 4 beta P in lymphocyte adherence to fibronectin and VCAM-1 and in homotypic cell clustering. J Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;117(1):179–189. doi: 10.1083/jcb.117.1.179. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Sadahiro M., McDonald T. O., Allen M. D. Reduction in cellular and vascular rejection by blocking leukocyte adhesion molecule receptors. Am J Pathol. 1993 Mar;142(3):675–683. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Schweighoffer T., Tanaka Y., Tidswell M., Erle D. J., Horgan K. J., Luce G. E., Lazarovits A. I., Buck D., Shaw S. Selective expression of integrin alpha 4 beta 7 on a subset of human CD4+ memory T cells with Hallmarks of gut-trophism. J Immunol. 1993 Jul 15;151(2):717–729. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Sheppard A. M., Onken M. D., Rosen G. D., Noakes P. G., Dean D. C. Expanding roles for alpha 4 integrin and its ligands in development. Cell Adhes Commun. 1994 Apr;2(1):27–43. doi: 10.3109/15419069409014200. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Shimizu Y., Van Seventer G. A., Horgan K. J., Shaw S. Regulated expression and binding of three VLA (beta 1) integrin receptors on T cells. Nature. 1990 May 17;345(6272):250–253. doi: 10.1038/345250a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Silber A., Newman W., Sasseville V. G., Pauley D., Beall D., Walsh D. G., Ringler D. J. Recruitment of lymphocytes during cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in nonhuman primates is dependent on E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. J Clin Invest. 1994 Apr;93(4):1554–1563. doi: 10.1172/JCI117134. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Springer T. A. Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell. 1994 Jan 28;76(2):301–314. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90337-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Sánchez-Aparicio P., Dominguez-Jiménez C., Garcia-Pardo A. Activation of the alpha 4 beta 1 integrin through the beta 1 subunit induces recognition of the RGDS sequence in fibronectin. J Cell Biol. 1994 Jul;126(1):271–279. doi: 10.1083/jcb.126.1.271. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Takada Y., Elices M. J., Crouse C., Hemler M. E. The primary structure of the alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4: homology to other integrins and a possible cell-cell adhesion function. EMBO J. 1989 May;8(5):1361–1368. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03516.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Tanaka Y., Adams D. H., Hubscher S., Hirano H., Siebenlist U., Shaw S. T-cell adhesion induced by proteoglycan-immobilized cytokine MIP-1 beta. Nature. 1993 Jan 7;361(6407):79–82. doi: 10.1038/361079a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Teixidó J., Parker C. M., Kassner P. D., Hemler M. E. Functional and structural analysis of VLA-4 integrin alpha 4 subunit cleavage. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jan 25;267(3):1786–1791. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Vonderheide R. H., Springer T. A. Lymphocyte adhesion through very late antigen 4: evidence for a novel binding site in the alternatively spliced domain of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and an additional alpha 4 integrin counter-receptor on stimulated endothelium. J Exp Med. 1992 Jun 1;175(6):1433–1442. doi: 10.1084/jem.175.6.1433. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. Vonderheide R. H., Tedder T. F., Springer T. A., Staunton D. E. Residues within a conserved amino acid motif of domains 1 and 4 of VCAM-1 are required for binding to VLA-4. J Cell Biol. 1994 Apr;125(1):215–222. doi: 10.1083/jcb.125.1.215. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. Wahl S. M., Allen J. B., Hines K. L., Imamichi T., Wahl A. M., Furcht L. T., McCarthy J. B. Synthetic fibronectin peptides suppress arthritis in rats by interrupting leukocyte adhesion and recruitment. J Clin Invest. 1994 Aug;94(2):655–662. doi: 10.1172/JCI117382. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. Weg V. B., Williams T. J., Lobb R. R., Nourshargh S. A monoclonal antibody recognizing very late activation antigen-4 inhibits eosinophil accumulation in vivo. J Exp Med. 1993 Feb 1;177(2):561–566. doi: 10.1084/jem.177.2.561. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  91. Winn R. K., Harlan J. M. CD18-independent neutrophil and mononuclear leukocyte emigration into the peritoneum of rabbits. J Clin Invest. 1993 Sep;92(3):1168–1173. doi: 10.1172/JCI116686. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  92. Yabkowitz R., Dixit V. M., Guo N., Roberts D. D., Shimizu Y. Activated T-cell adhesion to thrombospondin is mediated by the alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 5 beta 1 (VLA-5) integrins. J Immunol. 1993 Jul 1;151(1):149–158. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. Yang X. D., Karin N., Tisch R., Steinman L., McDevitt H. O. Inhibition of insulitis and prevention of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by blocking L-selectin and very late antigen 4 adhesion receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 15;90(22):10494–10498. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.22.10494. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Yednock T. A., Cannon C., Fritz L. C., Sanchez-Madrid F., Steinman L., Karin N. Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against alpha 4 beta 1 integrin. Nature. 1992 Mar 5;356(6364):63–66. doi: 10.1038/356063a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  95. Yurochko A. D., Liu D. Y., Eierman D., Haskill S. Integrins as a primary signal transduction molecule regulating monocyte immediate-early gene induction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Oct 1;89(19):9034–9038. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.19.9034. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Investigation are provided here courtesy of American Society for Clinical Investigation

RESOURCES