Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of Clinical Investigation logoLink to The Journal of Clinical Investigation
. 1993 Aug;92(2):840–847. doi: 10.1172/JCI116658

V3-specific neutralizing antibodies in sera from HIV-1 gp160-immunized volunteers block virus fusion and act synergistically with human monoclonal antibody to the conformation-dependent CD4 binding site of gp120. NIH-NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network.

D C Montefiori 1, B S Graham 1, J Zhou 1, J Zhou 1, R A Bucco 1, D H Schwartz 1, L A Cavacini 1, M R Posner 1
PMCID: PMC294922  PMID: 8349820

Abstract

Sera from 11 volunteers immunized with a recombinant HIV-1 gp160-expressing vaccinia virus (HIVAC-1e; Oncogen/Bristol-Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA) and boosted with baculovirus-derived rgp160 (VaxSyn; MicroGeneSys, Inc., Meriden, CT) were evaluated for functional serum antibodies and their epitopes. Sera obtained prior to boosting had undetectable HIV-1-specific IgG and neutralizing activity, and did not block HIV-1 from binding or fusing to CD4+ MT-2 cells. 14 d after boosting, sera from each volunteer contained HIV-1-specific IgG titers of 1:40 to 1:1,280. Five of these sera also contained neutralizing antibodies, where most or all neutralizing activity was blocked by a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 307-330 of the V3 loop of gp120, indicating that neutralizing antibodies were mostly V3 loop-specific. All sera obtained after boosting contained HIV-1 binding/fusion-inhibition antibodies, and a significant portion of their activity was blocked by the V3 loop peptide, a result consistent with the presence of antibodies against the region of the V3 loop that participates in fusion. Three sera with V3 loop-specific neutralizing and fusion-inhibition antibodies were studied further. In competitive antibody binding experiments, antibodies reactive with the conformation-dependent, CD4 binding site of gp120 were undetectable in each serum. When evaluated in combination with a monoclonal antibody to the CD4 binding site of gp120, two sera demonstrated synergism in neutralizing assays, and all three sera demonstrated synergism in binding/fusion-inhibition assays, further indicating that the functional antibodies were primarily V3 loop-specific. The synergism also suggests that a vaccine that elicits strong serum antibody responses to both regions of gp120 may improve the potential for inducing protective immunity.

Full text

PDF
840

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Berkower I., Smith G. E., Giri C., Murphy D. Human immunodeficiency virus 1. Predominance of a group-specific neutralizing epitope that persists despite genetic variation. J Exp Med. 1989 Nov 1;170(5):1681–1695. doi: 10.1084/jem.170.5.1681. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Berman P. W., Gregory T. J., Riddle L., Nakamura G. R., Champe M. A., Porter J. P., Wurm F. M., Hershberg R. D., Cobb E. K., Eichberg J. W. Protection of chimpanzees from infection by HIV-1 after vaccination with recombinant glycoprotein gp120 but not gp160. Nature. 1990 Jun 14;345(6276):622–625. doi: 10.1038/345622a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Buchbinder A., Karwowska S., Gorny M. K., Burda S. T., Zolla-Pazner S. Synergy between human monoclonal antibodies to HIV extends their effective biologic activity against homologous and divergent strains. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992 Apr;8(4):425–427. doi: 10.1089/aid.1992.8.425. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chou T. C., Talalay P. Quantitative analysis of dose-effect relationships: the combined effects of multiple drugs or enzyme inhibitors. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1984;22:27–55. doi: 10.1016/0065-2571(84)90007-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Clark S. J., Saag M. S., Decker W. D., Campbell-Hill S., Roberson J. L., Veldkamp P. J., Kappes J. C., Hahn B. H., Shaw G. M. High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 1991 Apr 4;324(14):954–960. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199104043241404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Daar E. S., Moudgil T., Meyer R. D., Ho D. D. Transient high levels of viremia in patients with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 1991 Apr 4;324(14):961–964. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199104043241405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dalgleish A. G., Beverley P. C., Clapham P. R., Crawford D. H., Greaves M. F., Weiss R. A. The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor for the AIDS retrovirus. Nature. 1984 Dec 20;312(5996):763–767. doi: 10.1038/312763a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dolin R., Graham B. S., Greenberg S. B., Tacket C. O., Belshe R. B., Midthun K., Clements M. L., Gorse G. J., Horgan B. W., Atmar R. L. The safety and immunogenicity of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) recombinant gp160 candidate vaccine in humans. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. Ann Intern Med. 1991 Jan 15;114(2):119–127. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-114-2-119. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Earl P. L., Doms R. W., Moss B. Oligomeric structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):648–652. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.2.648. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Emini E. A., Schleif W. A., Nunberg J. H., Conley A. J., Eda Y., Tokiyoshi S., Putney S. D., Matsushita S., Cobb K. E., Jett C. M. Prevention of HIV-1 infection in chimpanzees by gp120 V3 domain-specific monoclonal antibody. Nature. 1992 Feb 20;355(6362):728–730. doi: 10.1038/355728a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fultz P. N., Nara P., Barre-Sinoussi F., Chaput A., Greenberg M. L., Muchmore E., Kieny M. P., Girard M. Vaccine protection of chimpanzees against challenge with HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Science. 1992 Jun 19;256(5064):1687–1690. doi: 10.1126/science.256.5064.1687. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gardner M. SIV vaccines: current status. The role of the SIV-macaque model in AIDS research. Vaccine. 1991 Nov;9(11):787–791. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(91)90213-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Girard M., Kieny M. P., Pinter A., Barre-Sinoussi F., Nara P., Kolbe H., Kusumi K., Chaput A., Reinhart T., Muchmore E. Immunization of chimpanzees confers protection against challenge with human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jan 15;88(2):542–546. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.2.542. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Graham B. S., Belshe R. B., Clements M. L., Dolin R., Corey L., Wright P. F., Gorse G. J., Midthun K., Keefer M. C., Roberts N. J., Jr Vaccination of vaccinia-naive adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 recombinant vaccinia virus in a blinded, controlled, randomized clinical trial. The AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. J Infect Dis. 1992 Aug;166(2):244–252. doi: 10.1093/infdis/166.2.244. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Graham B. S., Matthews T. J., Belshe R. B., Clements M. L., Dolin R., Wright P. F., Gorse G. J., Schwartz D. H., Keefer M. C., Bolognesi D. P. Augmentation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralizing antibody by priming with gp160 recombinant vaccinia and boosting with rgp160 in vaccinia-naive adults. The NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. J Infect Dis. 1993 Mar;167(3):533–537. doi: 10.1093/infdis/167.3.533. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Grimaila R. J., Fuller B. A., Rennert P. D., Nelson M. B., Hammarskjöld M. L., Potts B., Murray M., Putney S. D., Gray G. Mutations in the principal neutralization determinant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 affect syncytium formation, virus infectivity, growth kinetics, and neutralization. J Virol. 1992 Apr;66(4):1875–1883. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.4.1875-1883.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ho D. D., McKeating J. A., Li X. L., Moudgil T., Daar E. S., Sun N. C., Robinson J. E. Conformational epitope on gp120 important in CD4 binding and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization identified by a human monoclonal antibody. J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):489–493. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.1.489-493.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hu S. L., Kosowski S. G., Dalrymple J. M. Expression of AIDS virus envelope gene in recombinant vaccinia viruses. Nature. 1986 Apr 10;320(6062):537–540. doi: 10.1038/320537a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Javaherian K., Langlois A. J., LaRosa G. J., Profy A. T., Bolognesi D. P., Herlihy W. C., Putney S. D., Matthews T. J. Broadly neutralizing antibodies elicited by the hypervariable neutralizing determinant of HIV-1. Science. 1990 Dec 14;250(4987):1590–1593. doi: 10.1126/science.1703322. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Javaherian K., Langlois A. J., McDanal C., Ross K. L., Eckler L. I., Jellis C. L., Profy A. T., Rusche J. R., Bolognesi D. P., Putney S. D. Principal neutralizing domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6768–6772. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.17.6768. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kang C. Y., Nara P., Chamat S., Caralli V., Ryskamp T., Haigwood N., Newman R., Köhler H. Evidence for non-V3-specific neutralizing antibodies that interfere with gp120/CD4 binding in human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 15;88(14):6171–6175. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.14.6171. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Klatzmann D., Champagne E., Chamaret S., Gruest J., Guetard D., Hercend T., Gluckman J. C., Montagnier L. T-lymphocyte T4 molecule behaves as the receptor for human retrovirus LAV. Nature. 1984 Dec 20;312(5996):767–768. doi: 10.1038/312767a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. LaRosa G. J., Davide J. P., Weinhold K., Waterbury J. A., Profy A. T., Lewis J. A., Langlois A. J., Dreesman G. R., Boswell R. N., Shadduck P. Conserved sequence and structural elements in the HIV-1 principal neutralizing determinant. Science. 1990 Aug 24;249(4971):932–935. doi: 10.1126/science.2392685. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Matthews T. J., Langlois A. J., Robey W. G., Chang N. T., Gallo R. C., Fischinger P. J., Bolognesi D. P. Restricted neutralization of divergent human T-lymphotropic virus type III isolates by antibodies to the major envelope glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9709–9713. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9709. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. McKeating J. A., McKnight A., Moore J. P. Differential loss of envelope glycoprotein gp120 from virions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates: effects on infectivity and neutralization. J Virol. 1991 Feb;65(2):852–860. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.2.852-860.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Miyoshi I., Kubonishi I., Yoshimoto S., Akagi T., Ohtsuki Y., Shiraishi Y., Nagata K., Hinuma Y. Type C virus particles in a cord T-cell line derived by co-cultivating normal human cord leukocytes and human leukaemic T cells. Nature. 1981 Dec 24;294(5843):770–771. doi: 10.1038/294770a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Montefiori D. C., Graham B. S., Kliks S., Wright P. F. Serum antibodies to HIV-1 in recombinant vaccinia virus recipients boosted with purified recombinant gp160. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. J Clin Immunol. 1992 Nov;12(6):429–439. doi: 10.1007/BF00918855. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Montefiori D. C., Robinson W. E., Jr, Schuffman S. S., Mitchell W. M. Evaluation of antiviral drugs and neutralizing antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus by a rapid and sensitive microtiter infection assay. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Feb;26(2):231–235. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.2.231-235.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Olshevsky U., Helseth E., Furman C., Li J., Haseltine W., Sodroski J. Identification of individual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 amino acids important for CD4 receptor binding. J Virol. 1990 Dec;64(12):5701–5707. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.12.5701-5707.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Page K. A., Stearns S. M., Littman D. R. Analysis of mutations in the V3 domain of gp160 that affect fusion and infectivity. J Virol. 1992 Jan;66(1):524–533. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.1.524-533.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Palker T. J., Clark M. E., Langlois A. J., Matthews T. J., Weinhold K. J., Randall R. R., Bolognesi D. P., Haynes B. F. Type-specific neutralization of the human immunodeficiency virus with antibodies to env-encoded synthetic peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(6):1932–1936. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.6.1932. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Posner M. R., Cavacini L. A., Emes C. L., Power J., Byrn R. Neutralization of HIV-1 by F105, a human monoclonal antibody to the CD4 binding site of gp120. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1993 Jan;6(1):7–14. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Posner M. R., Hideshima T., Cannon T., Mukherjee M., Mayer K. H., Byrn R. A. An IgG human monoclonal antibody that reacts with HIV-1/GP120, inhibits virus binding to cells, and neutralizes infection. J Immunol. 1991 Jun 15;146(12):4325–4332. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Prince A. M., Reesink H., Pascual D., Horowitz B., Hewlett I., Murthy K. K., Cobb K. E., Eichberg J. W. Prevention of HIV infection by passive immunization with HIV immunoglobulin. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1991 Dec;7(12):971–973. doi: 10.1089/aid.1991.7.971. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Profy A. T., Salinas P. A., Eckler L. I., Dunlop N. M., Nara P. L., Putney S. D. Epitopes recognized by the neutralizing antibodies of an HIV-1-infected individual. J Immunol. 1990 Jun 15;144(12):4641–4647. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Putkonen P., Thorstensson R., Ghavamzadeh L., Albert J., Hild K., Biberfeld G., Norrby E. Prevention of HIV-2 and SIVsm infection by passive immunization in cynomolgus monkeys. Nature. 1991 Aug 1;352(6334):436–438. doi: 10.1038/352436a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Rusche J. R., Javaherian K., McDanal C., Petro J., Lynn D. L., Grimaila R., Langlois A., Gallo R. C., Arthur L. O., Fischinger P. J. Antibodies that inhibit fusion of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells bind a 24-amino acid sequence of the viral envelope, gp120. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 May;85(9):3198–3202. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.9.3198. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Schawaller M., Smith G. E., Skehel J. J., Wiley D. C. Studies with crosslinking reagents on the oligomeric structure of the env glycoprotein of HIV. Virology. 1989 Sep;172(1):367–369. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90142-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Skinner M. A., Langlois A. J., McDanal C. B., McDougal J. S., Bolognesi D. P., Matthews T. J. Neutralizing antibodies to an immunodominant envelope sequence do not prevent gp120 binding to CD4. J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):4195–4200. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.11.4195-4200.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Steimer K. S., Scandella C. J., Skiles P. V., Haigwood N. L. Neutralization of divergent HIV-1 isolates by conformation-dependent human antibodies to Gp120. Science. 1991 Oct 4;254(5028):105–108. doi: 10.1126/science.1718036. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Thali M., Furman C., Ho D. D., Robinson J., Tilley S., Pinter A., Sodroski J. Discontinuous, conserved neutralization epitopes overlapping the CD4-binding region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein. J Virol. 1992 Sep;66(9):5635–5641. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.9.5635-5641.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Thali M., Furman C., Wahren B., Posner M., Ho D. D., Robinson J., Sodroski J. Cooperativity of neutralizing antibodies directed against the V3 and CD4 binding regions of the human immunodeficiency virus gp120 envelope glycoprotein. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1992;5(6):591–599. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Thali M., Olshevsky U., Furman C., Gabuzda D., Posner M., Sodroski J. Characterization of a discontinuous human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 epitope recognized by a broadly reactive neutralizing human monoclonal antibody. J Virol. 1991 Nov;65(11):6188–6193. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.11.6188-6193.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Tilley S. A., Honnen W. J., Racho M. E., Chou T. C., Pinter A. Synergistic neutralization of HIV-1 by human monoclonal antibodies against the V3 loop and the CD4-binding site of gp120. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992 Apr;8(4):461–467. doi: 10.1089/aid.1992.8.461. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Tilley S. A., Honnen W. J., Racho M. E., Hilgartner M., Pinter A. A human monoclonal antibody against the CD4-binding site of HIV1 gp120 exhibits potent, broadly neutralizing activity. Res Virol. 1991 Jul-Aug;142(4):247–259. doi: 10.1016/0923-2516(91)90010-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Veronese F. D., DeVico A. L., Copeland T. D., Oroszlan S., Gallo R. C., Sarngadharan M. G. Characterization of gp41 as the transmembrane protein coded by the HTLV-III/LAV envelope gene. Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1402–1405. doi: 10.1126/science.2994223. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Weiss R. A., Clapham P. R., Weber J. N., Dalgleish A. G., Lasky L. A., Berman P. W. Variable and conserved neutralization antigens of human immunodeficiency virus. Nature. 1986 Dec 11;324(6097):572–575. doi: 10.1038/324572a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Investigation are provided here courtesy of American Society for Clinical Investigation

RESOURCES