Table 3.
Soil Respiration at a Reference Temperature, Maximum and Annual Soil Respiration in Grasslands from Different Regions in Relation to Ranges Reported for Forests Compared Along Bioclimatic Transects, and Some Selected Forest Sites
| Ecosystem type, region |
R (at Tref) (μmol m−2 s−1) |
Rmax (μmol m−2 s−1) |
Rannual (g C m−2 y−1) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grasslands | ||||
| Temperate grasslands | 187–8302 | Various sources in Raich and Schlesinger (1992) | ||
| Tropical grasslands and savannas | 380–9002 | Various sources in Raich and Schlesinger (1992) | ||
| Tropical pastures (Amazonia) | 5.1 (25°) | 11.01 | 1000–1500 | Davidson and others (2000) |
| Tallgrass prairie (North America) | 9.5 | 1090–1347 | Bremer and others (1998), Bremer and Ham (2002) | |
| Tallgrass prairie (North America) | 3 (18°)1 | 11001 | Wan and Luo (2003) | |
| Tallgrass prairie (North America) | 1700 | Mielnick and Dougas (2000) | ||
| Konza prairie (North America) | 15 (18–22)3 | 1300–2100 | Knapp and others (1998); Harper and others (2005) | |
| Central Iowa C3 grassland (North America) | 730 | Dornbush and Raich (2006) | ||
| Central Iowa C4 grassland (North America) | 1300 | Dornbush and Raich (2006) | ||
| California grassland (North America) | 3.8 | 344–485 | Luo and others (1996) | |
| Shortgrass steppe (North America) | 4.6 | 530 | Pendall and others (2003) | |
| Great Basin western wheatgrass–cheatgrass | 0.5–6.51 (15°) | 3.3–5.7 | 400–6501 | Hibbard and others (2005) |
| Oklahoma grassland (North America) | 704–881 | Zhou and others (2007) | ||
| Pasture (lightly–heavily grazed) (Tibet) | 1.7–3.9 (10°) | 3.2–6.5 | 1533–2035 | Cao and others (2004) |
| Meadows, latitudinal transect (Europe) | 3.2–5.5 (10°) | 9.5–15.9 | 1070–1988 | This study (range, for details refer to Tables 1 and 2) |
| Pastures, latitudinal transect (Europe) | 1.4–3.2 (10°) | 6.5–14.8 | 494–1166 | This study (range, for details refer to Tables 1 and 2) |
| Ungrazed, Northern Europe | 0.3–2.1 (10°) | 1.9–4.9 | 58–529 | This study (range, for details refer to Tables 1 and 2) |
| Forests | ||||
| Forests, latitudinal transect (Europe) | 0.7–4.9 (10°) | 281–1456 | Janssens and others (2001, 2003) | |
| Forests, latitudinal transect (Europe, US) | 1.7–12.5 | 427–1805 | Hibbard and others (2005) and sources therein | |
| Temperate forests | 250–14142 | Various sources in Raich and Schlesinger (1992)2 | ||
| Tropical forests | 345–14502 | Various sources in Raich and Schlesinger (1992)2 | ||
| Tropical forest, Amazonia | 11.61 | 2000 | Davidson and others (2000) | |
| Douglas-fir forest | 1920 | Drewitt and others (2002) |
1
Estimated from figure.
2
Most data based on closed static chambers.
3
Peak fluxes after rainfall.