1,1′-(Butane-1,4-di­yl)dipyridinium dibromide dihydrate

Abstract

The organic cation in the title compound, C₁₄H₁₈N₂ ²⁺·2Br⁻·2H₂O, is situated on an inversion centre. The cations, anions and water mol­ecules are linked via O—H⋯Br, C—H⋯Br and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and π–π stacking inter­actions between adjacent pyridine rings, with a centroid–centroid separation of 3.8518 (17) Å.

Related literature

For general background, see: Day et al. (2000 ▶, 2002 ▶); Freeman et al. (1981 ▶); Kim et al. (2000 ▶).

Experimental

Crystal data

• C₁₄H₁₈N₂ ²⁺·2Br⁻·2H₂O

• M _r = 410.14

• Monoclinic,

• a = 11.0068 (13) Å

• b = 7.1484 (8) Å

• c = 12.0607 (13) Å

• β = 111.602 (7)°

• V = 882.30 (18) ų

• Z = 2

• Mo Kα radiation

• μ = 4.60 mm⁻¹

• T = 293 (2) K

• 0.21 × 0.18 × 0.16 mm

Data collection

• Bruker APEXII CCD area-detector diffractometer

• Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2005 ▶) T _min = 0.393, T _max = 0.478

• 7189 measured reflections

• 1723 independent reflections

• 1483 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

• R _int = 0.041

Refinement

• R[F ² > 2σ(F ²)] = 0.030

• wR(F ²) = 0.074

• S = 1.06

• 1723 reflections

• 92 parameters

• 3 restraints

• H-atom parameters constrained

• Δρ_max = 0.48 e Å⁻³

• Δρ_min = −0.45 e Å⁻³

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2005 ▶); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2005 ▶); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997 ▶); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999 ▶).

Supplementary Material

Additional supplementary materials: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report

Table 1. Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °).

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
O1W—H1WA⋯Br1	0.85	2.48	3.323 (2)	172
O1W—H1WB⋯Br1i	0.85	2.53	3.375 (2)	175
C2—H2⋯Br1ii	0.93	2.86	3.664 (3)	145
C5—H5⋯O1Wiii	0.93	2.55	3.376 (3)	148

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .

supplementary crystallographic information

Comment

As a part of our ongoing investigation of polyaromatic compounds, we present a structure determination of the compound containing the pyridyl or alkyl groups that can be involved in intermolecular interactions with cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) (Freeman et al., 1981; Day et al., 2000; Day et al., 2002; Kim et al., 2000).

The organic cations in the title structure are situated on the inversion centres (Fig. 1) which coincide with the midpoint of the C7—C7ⁱ bond [the symmetry code: (i) 1 - x,-y,1 - z]. The angle between the plane of the pyridine ring and the plane through C6,C7,C7ⁱ,C6ⁱ chain is 86.57 (13)°. The anions and water molecules are linked via O—H···Br, C—H···Br, C—H···O hydrogen bonds (Table 1). In addition, the π···π stacking interactions occur between the adjacent pyridine rings, with the centroid-centroid separation being 3.8518 (17)Å [the symmetry code: (ii) 3/2 - x,-1/2 + y,1/2 - z].

Experimental

A solution of 1,4-dibromine-butadinol (2.16 g, 0.01 mol) was added to a stirred solution of pyridine (1.98 g, 0.025 mol) in 1,4-dioxane (50 ml) at 110°C for 5 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered. The solid product was dissolved in 80 ml of water, and then set aside for three weeks to obtain colourless diamond-like crystals with average dimensions about 0.2 mm.

Refinement

All the H atoms were located in the difference Fourier map. The H atoms attached to the carbon atoms were situated into the idealized positions and refined in a riding-atom approximation. The constraints: C—H_aryl=0.93 and C—H_methylene=0.97 Å; U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(C).

The positional parameters of water H atoms were restrained with the distances O—H equal to 0.85 (1)Å while with the distance between both H atoms equal to 1.35 (2) Å. The water H atoms were refined as riding with U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(O).

Figures

Fig. 1.

The molecular structure of (I) showing the atom-labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Symmetry code of C7a: -x + 1, -y, -z + 1.

Crystal data

C14H18N22+·2Br–·2H2O	F000 = 412
Mr = 410.14	Dx = 1.544 Mg m−3
Monoclinic, P21/n	Mo Kα radiation λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2yn	Cell parameters from 1730 reflections
a = 11.0068 (13) Å	θ = 0.5–0.6º
b = 7.1484 (8) Å	µ = 4.60 mm−1
c = 12.0607 (13) Å	T = 293 (2) K
β = 111.602 (7)º	Diamond, colourless
V = 882.30 (18) Å3	0.21 × 0.18 × 0.16 mm
Z = 2

Data collection

Bruker CCD area-detector diffractometer	1723 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	1483 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Monochromator: graphite	Rint = 0.041
T = 293(2) K	θmax = 26.0º
φ and ω scans	θmin = 2.1º
Absorption correction: multi-scan(SADABS; Bruker, 2005)	h = −13→13
Tmin = 0.393, Tmax = 0.478	k = −8→8
7189 measured reflections	l = −14→14

Refinement

Refinement on F2	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: full	Hydrogen site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.030	H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.074	w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0377P)2 + 0.1891P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.06	(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
1723 reflections	Δρmax = 0.48 e Å−3
92 parameters	Δρmin = −0.45 e Å−3
3 restraints	Extinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
38 constraints	Extinction coefficient: 0.073 (3)
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods

Special details

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Ų)

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq
C1	0.6134 (3)	0.1783 (4)	0.2544 (2)	0.0512 (6)
H1	0.5228	0.1803	0.2175	0.061*
C2	0.6896 (3)	0.1660 (4)	0.1867 (2)	0.0602 (7)
H2	0.6509	0.1598	0.1040	0.072*
C3	0.8220 (3)	0.1629 (4)	0.2408 (3)	0.0627 (8)
H3	0.8741	0.1553	0.1953	0.075*
C4	0.8782 (3)	0.1710 (5)	0.3631 (3)	0.0655 (8)
H4	0.9686	0.1687	0.4012	0.079*
C5	0.7990 (3)	0.1826 (4)	0.4285 (2)	0.0515 (6)
H5	0.8359	0.1870	0.5114	0.062*
C6	0.5845 (2)	0.1926 (3)	0.4453 (2)	0.0458 (6)
H6A	0.5090	0.2711	0.4059	0.055*
H6B	0.6329	0.2462	0.5229	0.055*
C7	0.5400 (2)	−0.0023 (3)	0.46040 (19)	0.0389 (5)
H7A	0.6155	−0.0826	0.4959	0.047*
H7B	0.4875	−0.0534	0.3830	0.047*
N1	0.66903 (18)	0.1874 (3)	0.37309 (16)	0.0393 (5)
O1W	0.6333 (2)	0.5305 (3)	0.7900 (2)	0.0762 (6)
H1WA	0.6461	0.4149	0.8070	0.091*
H1WB	0.6735	0.5522	0.7437	0.091*
Br1	0.69404 (3)	0.09270 (4)	0.88751 (2)	0.05201 (16)

Atomic displacement parameters (Ų)

	U11	U22	U33	U12	U13	U23
C1	0.0517 (15)	0.0538 (15)	0.0443 (13)	0.0009 (12)	0.0133 (12)	0.0042 (12)
C2	0.087 (2)	0.0545 (16)	0.0457 (14)	0.0055 (15)	0.0326 (15)	0.0043 (13)
C3	0.086 (2)	0.0498 (15)	0.077 (2)	−0.0030 (15)	0.0598 (19)	0.0006 (15)
C4	0.0500 (17)	0.0680 (18)	0.087 (2)	−0.0151 (15)	0.0353 (16)	−0.0133 (17)
C5	0.0428 (15)	0.0613 (16)	0.0487 (14)	−0.0095 (12)	0.0148 (12)	−0.0098 (13)
C6	0.0466 (14)	0.0484 (14)	0.0492 (13)	−0.0010 (11)	0.0253 (12)	−0.0008 (11)
C7	0.0359 (12)	0.0449 (13)	0.0359 (11)	−0.0006 (10)	0.0133 (10)	0.0009 (10)
N1	0.0417 (12)	0.0374 (11)	0.0421 (10)	−0.0042 (8)	0.0193 (9)	−0.0015 (8)
O1W	0.0797 (15)	0.0731 (13)	0.0922 (15)	0.0221 (12)	0.0509 (14)	0.0232 (13)
Br1	0.0555 (2)	0.0537 (2)	0.0485 (2)	0.00237 (12)	0.02118 (15)	0.00144 (11)

Geometric parameters (Å, °)

C1—N1	1.335 (3)	C5—H5	0.9300
C1—C2	1.372 (4)	C6—N1	1.490 (3)
C1—H1	0.9300	C6—C7	1.510 (3)
C2—C3	1.359 (4)	C6—H6A	0.9700
C2—H2	0.9300	C6—H6B	0.9700
C3—C4	1.375 (4)	C7—C7i	1.519 (4)
C3—H3	0.9300	C7—H7A	0.9700
C4—C5	1.377 (4)	C7—H7B	0.9700
C4—H4	0.9300	O1W—H1WA	0.8507
C5—N1	1.338 (3)	O1W—H1WB	0.8454
N1—C1—C2	120.1 (3)	N1—C6—H6A	109.6
N1—C1—H1	120.0	C7—C6—H6A	109.6
C2—C1—H1	120.0	N1—C6—H6B	109.6
C3—C2—C1	119.9 (3)	C7—C6—H6B	109.6
C3—C2—H2	120.1	H6A—C6—H6B	108.1
C1—C2—H2	120.1	C6—C7—C7i	110.2 (2)
C2—C3—C4	119.6 (2)	C6—C7—H7A	109.6
C2—C3—H3	120.2	C7i—C7—H7A	109.6
C4—C3—H3	120.2	C6—C7—H7B	109.6
C3—C4—C5	119.2 (3)	C7i—C7—H7B	109.6
C3—C4—H4	120.4	H7A—C7—H7B	108.1
C5—C4—H4	120.4	C1—N1—C5	121.2 (2)
N1—C5—C4	120.1 (3)	C1—N1—C6	119.3 (2)
N1—C5—H5	120.0	C5—N1—C6	119.4 (2)
C4—C5—H5	120.0	H1WA—O1W—H1WB	104.9
N1—C6—C7	110.37 (19)
N1—C1—C2—C3	0.1 (4)	C2—C1—N1—C6	−177.4 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C4	0.4 (5)	C4—C5—N1—C1	1.0 (4)
C2—C3—C4—C5	−0.1 (5)	C4—C5—N1—C6	177.7 (3)
C3—C4—C5—N1	−0.6 (4)	C7—C6—N1—C1	81.1 (3)
N1—C6—C7—C7i	176.9 (2)	C7—C6—N1—C5	−95.6 (3)
C2—C1—N1—C5	−0.8 (4)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y, −z+1.

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
O1W—H1WA···Br1	0.85	2.48	3.323 (2)	172
O1W—H1WB···Br1ii	0.85	2.53	3.375 (2)	175
C2—H2···Br1iii	0.93	2.86	3.664 (3)	145
C5—H5···O1Wiv	0.93	2.55	3.376 (3)	148

Symmetry codes: (ii) −x+3/2, y+1/2, −z+3/2; (iii) x, y, z−1; (iv) −x+3/2, y−1/2, −z+3/2.