Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1989 Jul;86(14):5459–5463. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5459

Two steps in the evolution of Antennapedia-class vertebrate homeobox genes.

C Kappen 1, K Schughart 1, F H Ruddle 1
PMCID: PMC297642  PMID: 2568634

Abstract

Antennapedia-class vertebrate homeobox genes have been classified with regard to their chromosomal locations and nucleotide sequence similarities within the 183-base-pair homeobox domain. The results of these comparisons support the view that in mammals and most likely the vertebrates, four clusters of homeobox genes exist that were created by duplications of an entire primordial gene cluster. We present evidence that this primordial cluster arose by local gene duplications of homeoboxes that were present before the divergence of arthropods and chordates. Sequence analyses indicate that the expansion of the primordial gene cluster complex was accompanied by diversification, whereas conservation predominated after the duplications of entire homeobox gene clusters.

Full text

PDF
5459

Images in this article

5460Image
on p.5460

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baron A., Featherstone M. S., Hill R. E., Hall A., Galliot B., Duboule D. Hox-1.6: a mouse homeo-box-containing gene member of the Hox-1 complex. EMBO J. 1987 Oct;6(10):2977–2986. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02603.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Boncinelli E., Somma R., Acampora D., Pannese M., D'Esposito M., Faiella A., Simeone A. Organization of human homeobox genes. Hum Reprod. 1988 Oct;3(7):880–886. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136802. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Do M. S., Lonai P. Gene organization of murine homeobox-containing gene clusters. Genomics. 1988 Oct;3(3):195–200. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(88)90079-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Fjose A., Molven A., Eiken H. G. Molecular cloning and characterization of homeo-box-containing genes from Atlantic salmon. Gene. 1988;62(1):141–152. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90588-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Fritz A. F., Cho K. W., Wright C. V., Jegalian B. G., De Robertis E. M. Duplicated homeobox genes in Xenopus. Dev Biol. 1989 Feb;131(2):584–588. doi: 10.1016/s0012-1606(89)80029-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fritz A., De Robertis E. M. Xenopus homeobox-containing cDNAs expressed in early development. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Feb 25;16(4):1453–1469. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.4.1453. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gehring W. J., Hiromi Y. Homeotic genes and the homeobox. Annu Rev Genet. 1986;20:147–173. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.20.120186.001051. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gehring W. J. Homeo boxes in the study of development. Science. 1987 Jun 5;236(4806):1245–1252. doi: 10.1126/science.2884726. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Graham A., Papalopulu N., Lorimer J., McVey J. H., Tuddenham E. G., Krumlauf R. Characterization of a murine homeo box gene, Hox-2.6, related to the Drosophila Deformed gene. Genes Dev. 1988 Nov;2(11):1424–1438. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.11.1424. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Harvey R. P., Tabin C. J., Melton D. A. Embryonic expression and nuclear localization of Xenopus homeobox (Xhox) gene products. EMBO J. 1986 Jun;5(6):1237–1244. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04352.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hoey T., Doyle H. J., Harding K., Wedeen C., Levine M. Homeo box gene expression in anterior and posterior regions of the Drosophila embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4809–4813. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.13.4809. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Ingham P. W. The molecular genetics of embryonic pattern formation in Drosophila. Nature. 1988 Sep 1;335(6185):25–34. doi: 10.1038/335025a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Jukes T. H., King J. L. Evolutionary nucleotide replacements in DNA. Nature. 1979 Oct 18;281(5732):605–606. doi: 10.1038/281605a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kuroiwa A., Kloter U., Baumgartner P., Gehring W. J. Cloning of the homeotic Sex combs reduced gene in Drosophila and in situ localization of its transcripts. EMBO J. 1985 Dec 30;4(13B):3757–3764. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04145.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Regulski M., Harding K., Kostriken R., Karch F., Levine M., McGinnis W. Homeo box genes of the Antennapedia and bithorax complexes of Drosophila. Cell. 1985 Nov;43(1):71–80. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90013-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Regulski M., McGinnis N., Chadwick R., McGinnis W. Developmental and molecular analysis of Deformed; a homeotic gene controlling Drosophila head development. EMBO J. 1987 Mar;6(3):767–777. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04819.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES