4-Hydrazinopyridinium chloride

Abstract

In the title compound, C₅H₈N₃ ⁺·Cl⁻, the cation and the anion lie on a mirror plane and are hydrogen bonded in a three-dimensional network via the H atoms of the two hydrazine N atoms. The pyridine N atom is protonated and hydrogen bonded to the terminal hydrazine N atom.

Related literature

For related structures, see: Lima et al. (2008 ▶); Hammerl et al. (2001 ▶). For background to the synthesis, see: Mann et al. (1959 ▶).

Experimental

Crystal data

• C₅H₈N₃ ⁺·Cl⁻

• M _r = 145.59

• Monoclinic,

• a = 6.9526 (11) Å

• b = 6.434 (1) Å

• c = 7.7432 (12) Å

• β = 95.316 (1)°

• V = 344.89 (9) ų

• Z = 2

• Mo Kα radiation

• μ = 0.46 mm⁻¹

• T = 173 K

• 0.27 × 0.19 × 0.18 mm

Data collection

• Bruker APEXII CCD area-detector diffractometer

• Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2006 ▶) T _min = 0.884, T _max = 0.920

• 4968 measured reflections

• 855 independent reflections

• 840 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

• R _int = 0.016

Refinement

• R[F ² > 2σ(F ²)] = 0.022

• wR(F ²) = 0.060

• S = 1.13

• 855 reflections

• 63 parameters

• H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement

• Δρ_max = 0.32 e Å⁻³

• Δρ_min = −0.20 e Å⁻³

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2006 ▶); cell refinement: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2006 ▶); data reduction: SAINT-Plus; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXD (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); molecular graphics: Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006 ▶); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2009 ▶).

Supplementary Material

Additional supplementary materials: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report

Table 1. Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °).

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
N7—H7⋯Cl1	0.89 (2)	2.25 (2)	3.1358 (14)	176.7 (19)
N8—H8⋯Cl1i	0.849 (14)	2.905 (14)	3.1970 (14)	102.4 (11)
N1—H1⋯N8ii	0.89 (2)	1.92 (2)	2.8069 (19)	172.0 (19)

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) .

supplementary crystallographic information

Comment

In the structure of the title compound, (I), (Figure 1.) both ions crystallize on the mirror plane perpendicular to b with a separation of b/2 (3.217 Å). In consequence, the N7, N8 and N7—H atom are coplanar with the aromatic ring, and thus the out-of-plane H atoms on N8 are in a staggered conformation with respect to the N7—H atom. The local conformation of the aryl-hydrazine is similar to that observed in only two known crystal structures, both of phenylhydrazine, namely [(C₆H₅NHNH₂)H]₂(N₃),(II), Hammerl et al. (2001) and [C₆H₅NHNH₃]Cl, (III), Lima et al. (2008). The former contains both PhNHNH₂ and PhNHNH₃⁺ in the lattice. However, in (I) it is the more basic pyridine N1 that is protonated, but which also forms a strong H bond to the terminal hydrazinyl N8 (D···A = 2.8069 (19) Å). This bond is comparable in strength to the linking H bond between PhNHNH₂ and PhNHNH₃⁺ in (II). The structures of (II) and (III) are also composed of essentially flat sheets of Aryl—N units, with inter-planar separations of 3.497 and 3.378 Å, respectively.

There are additional H bonds between the N7—H and the N8—H atoms and the chloride anion which, in conjunction with the infinite chains of N1—H to N8 bonds, result in the formation of planar hydrogen-bonded sheets (Figure 2), with N···Cl distances very comparable to those found in (III).

In summary, the structure of (I) has a higher symmetry than (II) and (III) and is tightly packed due to a network of strong H bonds.

Experimental

4-Chloropyridine (1.1 mmol, 4.20 g) and pure hydrazine hydrate (1.1 mmol, 1.63 g) were added to 10 ml of 1-propanol. After refluxing for 48 h, the mixture was cooled to 273 K and washed with cold 1-propanol. Recrystallization from methanol yielded 3.6 g of the title compound (I) as colorless needles in 65% yield. The compound (I) has a melting point of 516–517 K, which was in agreement with published values (Mann et al. 1959).

Refinement

Space group determination was ambiguous between P2₁ and P2₁/m because of poor E-statistics. However, the structure was successfully solved using the SHELXD procedure (Sheldrick, 2008) and refined in P2₁/m. The origin of the ambiguous E-statistics became obvious after structure solution, as every atom except for the two N8 hydrogen atoms are found on a crystallographic mirror plane. All H atoms were located in a difference map. N-bound H atoms were freely refined with the constraint U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(N). The C-bound H atoms were placed in calculated positions (C—H = 0.95 Å) and refined as riding with U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(C).

Figures

Fig. 1.

A view of (I) plotted with displacement ellipsoids at 50% probability level.

Fig. 2.

Packing diagram of (I) showing the network of H-bonds.

Crystal data

C5H8N3+·Cl−	F(000) = 152
Mr = 145.59	Dx = 1.402 Mg m−3
Monoclinic, P21/m	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2yb	Cell parameters from 4500 reflections
a = 6.9526 (11) Å	θ = 2.6–27.5°
b = 6.434 (1) Å	µ = 0.46 mm−1
c = 7.7432 (12) Å	T = 173 K
β = 95.316 (1)°	Block, colourless
V = 344.89 (9) Å3	0.27 × 0.19 × 0.18 mm
Z = 2

Data collection

Bruker APEXII CCD area-detector diffractometer	855 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	840 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
graphite	Rint = 0.016
φ and ω scans	θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 2.6°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2006)	h = −9→9
Tmin = 0.884, Tmax = 0.920	k = −8→8
4968 measured reflections	l = −10→10

Refinement

Refinement on F2	Secondary atom site location: notdet
Least-squares matrix: full	Hydrogen site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.022	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.060	w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0256P)2 + 0.1361P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.13	(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
855 reflections	Δρmax = 0.32 e Å−3
63 parameters	Δρmin = −0.20 e Å−3
0 restraints	Extinction correction: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
Primary atom site location: dual	Extinction coefficient: 0.038 (6)

Special details

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Ų)

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq
Cl1	0.83751 (5)	0.2500	0.59397 (4)	0.02334 (14)
N1	0.3602 (2)	0.2500	−0.14229 (17)	0.0266 (3)
N7	0.42703 (18)	0.2500	0.38856 (16)	0.0210 (3)
N8	0.27431 (18)	0.2500	0.49629 (16)	0.0212 (3)
C2	0.2020 (3)	0.2500	−0.0545 (2)	0.0274 (3)
H2	0.0779	0.2500	−0.1172	0.033*
C3	0.2159 (2)	0.2500	0.12280 (19)	0.0238 (3)
H3	0.1027	0.2500	0.1827	0.029*
C4	0.4010 (2)	0.2500	0.21599 (18)	0.0183 (3)
C5	0.5645 (2)	0.2500	0.11846 (19)	0.0213 (3)
H5	0.6912	0.2500	0.1762	0.026*
C6	0.5387 (3)	0.2500	−0.0580 (2)	0.0253 (3)
H6	0.6483	0.2500	−0.1227	0.030*
H1	0.345 (3)	0.2500	−0.257 (3)	0.030*
H7	0.545 (3)	0.2500	0.443 (3)	0.030*
H8	0.209 (2)	0.139 (2)	0.4769 (18)	0.030*

Atomic displacement parameters (Ų)

	U11	U22	U33	U12	U13	U23
Cl1	0.01569 (19)	0.0324 (2)	0.0216 (2)	0.000	−0.00012 (12)	0.000
N1	0.0429 (8)	0.0248 (7)	0.0120 (6)	0.000	0.0026 (5)	0.000
N7	0.0150 (6)	0.0346 (7)	0.0133 (5)	0.000	0.0005 (4)	0.000
N8	0.0191 (6)	0.0297 (7)	0.0151 (6)	0.000	0.0041 (5)	0.000
C2	0.0305 (8)	0.0311 (8)	0.0191 (7)	0.000	−0.0058 (6)	0.000
C3	0.0201 (7)	0.0335 (8)	0.0174 (7)	0.000	−0.0003 (5)	0.000
C4	0.0197 (7)	0.0202 (7)	0.0150 (6)	0.000	0.0012 (5)	0.000
C5	0.0206 (7)	0.0228 (7)	0.0209 (7)	0.000	0.0044 (5)	0.000
C6	0.0345 (8)	0.0216 (7)	0.0215 (7)	0.000	0.0114 (6)	0.000

Geometric parameters (Å, °)

N1—C2	1.345 (2)	C2—H2	0.9500
N1—C6	1.348 (2)	C3—C4	1.416 (2)
N1—H1	0.89 (2)	C3—H3	0.9500
N7—C4	1.3317 (18)	C4—C5	1.422 (2)
N7—N8	1.4097 (17)	C5—C6	1.361 (2)
N7—H7	0.89 (2)	C5—H5	0.9500
N8—H8	0.849 (14)	C6—H6	0.9500
C2—C3	1.368 (2)
C2—N1—C6	120.97 (13)	C2—C3—H3	120.4
C2—N1—H1	118.7 (13)	C4—C3—H3	120.4
C6—N1—H1	120.3 (13)	N7—C4—C3	122.96 (14)
C4—N7—N8	123.64 (12)	N7—C4—C5	119.47 (13)
C4—N7—H7	120.4 (13)	C3—C4—C5	117.58 (13)
N8—N7—H7	115.9 (13)	C6—C5—C4	119.71 (15)
N7—N8—H8	108.3 (10)	C6—C5—H5	120.1
N1—C2—C3	121.48 (15)	C4—C5—H5	120.1
N1—C2—H2	119.3	N1—C6—C5	121.05 (15)
C3—C2—H2	119.3	N1—C6—H6	119.5
C2—C3—C4	119.21 (15)	C5—C6—H6	119.5
C6—N1—C2—C3	0.0	C2—C3—C4—C5	0.0
N1—C2—C3—C4	0.0	N7—C4—C5—C6	180.0
N8—N7—C4—C3	0.0	C3—C4—C5—C6	0.0
N8—N7—C4—C5	180.0	C2—N1—C6—C5	0.0
C2—C3—C4—N7	180.0	C4—C5—C6—N1	0.0

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N7—H7···Cl1	0.89 (2)	2.25 (2)	3.1358 (14)	177 (2)
N8—H8···Cl1i	0.849 (14)	2.905 (14)	3.1970 (14)	102.4 (11)
N1—H1···N8ii	0.89 (2)	1.92 (2)	2.8069 (19)	172 (2)

Symmetry codes: (i) x−1, y, z; (ii) x, y, z−1.