TABLE 1.
Selected characteristics of participants at enrollment, by circumcision status of the primary partner, Uganda and Zimbabwe, 1999-2002.
| Characteristic | Primary partner circumcision status |
P | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circumcised | Uncircumcised | Don't know | |||||||
| N=989 | (%)* | N=3,249 | (%)* | N=166 | (%)* | N=4,404 | (%)* | ||
| Population | |||||||||
| Uganda low-risk | 639 | (64.6) | 1151 | (35.4) | 1 | (0.6) | 1791 | (40.7) | |
| Uganda high-risk | 141 | (14.3) | 241 | (7.4) | 2 | (1.2) | <0.001 | 384 | (8.7) |
| Zimbabwe | 209 | (21.1) | 1857 | (57.2) | 163 | (98.2) | 2229 | (50.6) | |
| Contraceptive method | |||||||||
| Low-dose combined oral contraceptive pills | 348 | (35.2) | 1128 | (34.7) | 57 | (34.3) | 1533 | (34.8) | |
| Injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate | 310 | (31.3) | 1149 | (35.4) | 49 | (29.5) | 0.05 | 1508 | (34.2) |
| Non-hormonal or no contraceptive method | 331 | (33.5) | 972 | (29.9) | 60 | (36.1) | 1363 | (30.9) | |
| Cohabitate with primary partner | |||||||||
| Yes | 773 | (78.2) | 2770 | (85.3) | 140 | (84.3) | <0.001 | 3683 | (83.6) |
| No | 216 | (21.8) | 479 | (14.7) | 26 | (15.7) | 721 | (16.4) | |
| Employed | |||||||||
| Yes | 543 | (54.9) | 1637 | (50.4) | 70 | (42.2) | 0.003 | 2250 | (51.1) |
| No | 446 | (45.1) | 1612 | (49.6) | 96 | (57.8) | 2154 | (48.9) | |
| Male condom use ever | |||||||||
| Yes | 795 | (80.4) | 2559 | (78.8) | 137 | (82.5) | 0.62 | 3491 | (79.3) |
| No | 194 | (19.6) | 689 | (21.2) | 29 | (17.5) | 912 | (20.7) | |
| Ever sex work | |||||||||
| Yes | 13 | (1.3) | 27 | (0.8) | 2 | (1.2) | 0.37 | 42 | (1.0) |
| No | 976 | (98.7) | 3222 | (99.2) | 164 | (98.8) | 4362 | (99.0) | |
| New partner, last 3 months | |||||||||
| Yes | 31 | (3.1) | 61 | (1.9) | 3 | (1.8) | 95 | (2.2) | |
| No | 958 | (96.9) | 3186 | (98.1) | 163 | (98.2) | 0.17 | 4307 | (97.8) |
| Missing/don't know | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (0.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (0.1) | |
| Number partners, last 3 months | |||||||||
| 0 partners | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (0.0) | |
| 1 partner | 932 | (94.2) | 3155 | (97.1) | 162 | (97.6) | <0.001 | 4249 | (96.5) |
| 2 or more partners | 57 | (5.8) | 91 | (2.8) | 4 | (2.4) | 152 | (3.5) | |
| Genital ulcer disease ‡ | |||||||||
| Yes | 7 | (0.7) | 28 | (0.9) | 2 | (1.2) | 0.78 | 37 | (0.8) |
| No | 982 | (99.3) | 3221 | (99.1) | 164 | (98.8) | 4367 | (99.2) | |
| C. trachomatis infection | |||||||||
| Positive | 34 | (3.4) | 86 | (2.7) | 8 | (4.8) | 0.28 | 128 | (2.9) |
| Negative | 946 | (95.7) | 3122 | (96.1) | 152 | (91.6) | 4220 | (95.8) | |
| Indeterminate/missing | 9 | (0.9) | 41 | (1.3) | 6 | (3.6) | 56 | (1.3) | |
| N. gonorrhoeae infection | |||||||||
| Positive | 24 | (2.4) | 59 | (1.8) | 3 | (1.8) | 86 | (2.0) | |
| Negative | 957 | (96.8) | 3148 | (96.9) | 156 | (94.0) | 0.41 | 4261 | (96.8) |
| Indeterminate/missing | 8 | (0.8) | 42 | (1.3) | 7 | (4.2) | 57 | (1.3) | |
| T. vaginalis infection | |||||||||
| Positive | 26 | (2.6) | 109 | (3.4) | 12 | (7.2) | 147 | (3.3) | |
| Negative | 963 | (97.4) | 3136 | (96.5) | 153 | (92.2) | 0.007 | 4252 | (96.5) |
| Indeterminate/missing | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (0.1) | 1 | (0.6) | 5 | (0.1) | |
| Mean | (SD†) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 25.2 | (4.5) | 25.6 | (4.5) | 24.8 | (4.3) | 0.008 | 25.4 | (4.5) |
| Education (years) | 8.6 | (3.3) | 9.3 | (2.9) | 9.7 | (2.1) | <0.001 | 9.1 | (3.0) |
| Age at coital debut (years) | 16.8 | (2.4) | 17.7 | (2.6) | 18.4 | (2.3) | <0.001 | 17.5 | (2.6) |
| Gravidity | 2.7 | (1.8) | 2.4 | (1.5) | 1.9 | (1.1) | <0.001 | 2.5 | (1.6) |
| Number of sex partners, lifetime | 4.8 | (31.9) | 2.7 | (18.0) | 1.7 | (1.7) | <0.001 | 3.1 | (21.7) |
| Number sex acts in last 30 days with primary partner | 11.2 | (9.6) | 13.9 | (11.2) | 16.5 | (14.4) | <0.001 | 13.4 | (11.0) |
| Number of nights primary partner away in last 30 days | 9.1 | (12.2) | 6.1 | (10.3) | 5.0 | (8.6) | <0.001 | 6.7 | (10.8) |
*
Because of missing data and rounding, not all categories total 100%.
†
SD=standard deviation.
‡
Includes clinician-identified ulcer noted during physical exam on vulva, vaginal epithelium, cervical epithelium, perineum or perianal areas.