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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1989 Aug;86(16):6398–6402. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.16.6398

Intracerebroventricular infusion of interleukin 1 rapidly decreases peripheral cellular immune responses.

S K Sundar 1, K J Becker 1, M A Cierpial 1, M D Carpenter 1, L A Rankin 1, S L Fleener 1, J C Ritchie 1, P E Simson 1, J M Weiss 1
PMCID: PMC297847  PMID: 2548213

Abstract

Low doses (50-200 pg or 3.1-12.4 fmol) of interleukin 1 (IL-1) infused into the brain of rats produced rapid suppression of various cellular immune responses in peripheral lymphocytes of rats. Fifteen minutes after infusion of purified IL-1 beta into the lateral ventricle, natural killer cell activity, response to phytohemagglutinin stimulation, and interleukin 2 production were markedly suppressed in lymphocytes isolated from blood and spleen. These effects were due to infusion of IL-1 into brain since they did not occur when IL-1 was infused into the cisterna magna (essentially posterior to brain) or was injected intraperitoneally. Effects of IL-1 in brain could be blocked by simultaneous infusion of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which is known to block the biological actions of IL-1. To stimulate release of endogenous IL-1 in brain, lipopolysaccharide was infused; this produced similar effects as IL-1, and these effects also were blocked by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. At longer intervals after infusion of IL-1 and lipopolysaccharide (3, 6, and 24 hr), immune responses returned to baseline or remained suppressed; i.e., "rebound" immunopotentiation did not occur. Finally, IL-1 infusion suppressed cellular immune responses in adrenalectomized animals, thereby showing that the effects of central IL-1 on peripheral cellular immune responses were, at least in part, independent of the stimulatory effect of IL-1 on secretion of adrenal hormones. These results indicate a link from brain to peripheral immune responses by means of action of a cytokine acting in the brain.

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Selected References

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