Skip to main content

Some NLM-NCBI services and products are experiencing heavy traffic, which may affect performance and availability. We apologize for the inconvenience and appreciate your patience. For assistance, please contact our Help Desk at info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1989 Sep;86(17):6553–6556. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.17.6553

Cholesteryl-conjugated oligonucleotides: synthesis, properties, and activity as inhibitors of replication of human immunodeficiency virus in cell culture.

R L Letsinger 1, G R Zhang 1, D K Sun 1, T Ikeuchi 1, P S Sarin 1
PMCID: PMC297882  PMID: 2771942

Abstract

A family of oligonucleotides and phosphorothioate oligonucleotide analogues was synthesized with a cholesteryl group tethered at the 3'-terminal internucleoside link. This modification, introduced to enhance interaction of the polyanions with cell membranes, significantly increases the antiviral activity of the oligomers, as judged by inhibition of syncytia formation and expression of viral proteins p17, p24, and reverse transcriptase for human immunodeficiency virus 1 in Molt-3 cells. In the most favorable case, with a 20-mer cholesteryl-phosphorothioate derivative, complete inhibition by all assays was obtained with an oligomer concentration of 0.2 microM. Even decamers were active, and some antiviral activity was observed for a heptanucleotide cholesteryl-phosphorothioate derivative, which binds very poorly to complementary oligonucleotides. These facts, and the finding that the activity of the phosphorothioate decamers does not correlate with a specific sequence, suggests that a mechanism other than "antisense inhibition" may be operative in these systems.

Full text

PDF
6553

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Agrawal S., Goodchild J., Civeira M. P., Thornton A. H., Sarin P. S., Zamecnik P. C. Oligodeoxynucleoside phosphoramidates and phosphorothioates as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7079–7083. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.19.7079. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Agris C. H., Blake K. R., Miller P. S., Reddy M. P., Ts'o P. O. Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus protein synthesis and infection by sequence-specific oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates. Biochemistry. 1986 Oct 7;25(20):6268–6275. doi: 10.1021/bi00368a065. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Froehler B. C., Ng P. G., Matteucci M. D. Synthesis of DNA via deoxynucleoside H-phosphonate intermediates. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jul 11;14(13):5399–5407. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.13.5399. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Goodchild J., Agrawal S., Civeira M. P., Sarin P. S., Sun D., Zamecnik P. C. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(15):5507–5511. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5507. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Green P. J., Pines O., Inouye M. The role of antisense RNA in gene regulation. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:569–597. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.003033. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Jayaraman K., McParland K., Miller P., Ts'o P. O. Selective inhibition of Escherichia coli protein synthesis and growth by nonionic oligonucleotides complementary to the 3' end of 16S rRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Mar;78(3):1537–1541. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1537. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Lemaitre M., Bayard B., Lebleu B. Specific antiviral activity of a poly(L-lysine)-conjugated oligodeoxyribonucleotide sequence complementary to vesicular stomatitis virus N protein mRNA initiation site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Feb;84(3):648–652. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.3.648. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Marcus-Sekura C. J., Woerner A. M., Shinozuka K., Zon G., Quinnan G. V., Jr Comparative inhibition of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression by antisense oligonucleotide analogues having alkyl phosphotriester, methylphosphonate and phosphorothioate linkages. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jul 24;15(14):5749–5763. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.14.5749. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Matsukura M., Shinozuka K., Zon G., Mitsuya H., Reitz M., Cohen J. S., Broder S. Phosphorothioate analogs of oligodeoxynucleotides: inhibitors of replication and cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(21):7706–7710. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7706. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Miller P. S., Agris C. H., Aurelian L., Blake K. R., Murakami A., Reddy M. P., Spitz S. A., Ts'o P. O. Control of ribonucleic acid function by oligonucleoside methylphosphonates. Biochimie. 1985 Jul-Aug;67(7-8):769–776. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(85)80166-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Sarin P. S., Agrawal S., Civeira M. P., Goodchild J., Ikeuchi T., Zamecnik P. C. Inhibition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus by oligodeoxynucleoside methylphosphonates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(20):7448–7451. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.20.7448. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Sarin P. S., Sun D., Thornton A., Müller W. E. Inhibition of replication of the etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (human T-lymphotropic retrovirus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus) by avarol and avarone. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1987 Apr;78(4):663–666. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Sarin P. S., Taguchi Y., Sun D., Thornton A., Gallo R. C., Oberg B. Inhibition of HTLV-III/LAV replication by foscarnet. Biochem Pharmacol. 1985 Nov 15;34(22):4075–4079. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(85)90392-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Smith C. C., Aurelian L., Reddy M. P., Miller P. S., Ts'o P. O. Antiviral effect of an oligo(nucleoside methylphosphonate) complementary to the splice junction of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early pre-mRNAs 4 and 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(9):2787–2791. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.9.2787. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Stein C. A., Cohen J. S. Oligodeoxynucleotides as inhibitors of gene expression: a review. Cancer Res. 1988 May 15;48(10):2659–2668. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Wickstrom E. L., Bacon T. A., Gonzalez A., Freeman D. L., Lyman G. H., Wickstrom E. Human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell proliferation and c-myc protein expression are inhibited by an antisense pentadecadeoxynucleotide targeted against c-myc mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(4):1028–1032. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.4.1028. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Zamecnik P. C., Goodchild J., Taguchi Y., Sarin P. S. Inhibition of replication and expression of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III in cultured cells by exogenous synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to viral RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4143–4146. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4143. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Zamecnik P. C., Stephenson M. L. Inhibition of Rous sarcoma virus replication and cell transformation by a specific oligodeoxynucleotide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):280–284. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.280. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Zerial A., Thuong N. T., Hélène C. Selective inhibition of the cytopathic effect of type A influenza viruses by oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked to an intercalating agent. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Dec 10;15(23):9909–9919. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.23.9909. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES