Dibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11(6H)-one

Abstract

In the title compound, C₁₄H₁₀OS, the seven-membered thiepin ring adopts a distorted boat conformation with the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two fused benzene rings being 56.5 (1)°.

Related literature

For the biological and chiroptical properties of dibenzo[c,e]thiepine derivatives, see: Rajsner et al. (1969 ▶, 1971 ▶); Truce & Emrick (1956 ▶); Tomascovic et al. (2000 ▶). For spectral, structural and theoretical studies of eight related 6-aryl­idenedibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11-one-5,5-dioxides, see: Kolehmainen et al. (2007 ▶). For DFT calculations and the GAUSSIAN03 program package, see: Schmidt & Polik (2007 ▶); Frisch et al. (2004 ▶). For a description of the Cambridge Structural Database, see: Allen (2002 ▶).

Experimental

Crystal data

• C₁₄H₁₀OS

• M _r = 226.28

• Orthorhombic,

• a = 14.6208 (11) Å

• b = 4.3503 (3) Å

• c = 16.9023 (13) Å

• V = 1075.07 (14) ų

• Z = 4

• Mo Kα radiation

• μ = 0.27 mm⁻¹

• T = 110 K

• 0.47 × 0.42 × 0.12 mm

Data collection

• Oxford Diffraction Gemini R CCD diffractometer

• Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis RED; Oxford Diffraction, 2007 ▶) T _min = 0.769, T _max = 1.000

• 2124 measured reflections

• 1322 independent reflections

• 1291 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

• R _int = 0.022

Refinement

• R[F ² > 2σ(F ²)] = 0.039

• wR(F ²) = 0.104

• S = 1.06

• 1322 reflections

• 145 parameters

• 1 restraint

• H-atom parameters constrained

• Δρ_max = 0.42 e Å⁻³

• Δρ_min = −0.35 e Å⁻³

• Absolute structure: Flack (1983 ▶), 242 Friedel pairs

• Flack parameter: −0.57 (13)

Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2007 ▶); cell refinement: CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL and WebMOPro (Schmidt & Polik, 2007 ▶).

Supplementary Material

Additional supplementary materials: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report

supplementary crystallographic information

Comment

The title compound is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of dosulepin, which is an antidepressant of the tricyclic family. Dosulepin works by preventing serotonin and noradrenaline from being reabsorbed in the brain. This helps prolong the mood lightening effect of any released noradrenaline and serotonin, thus relieving depression. The dibenzo[c,e]thiepine derivatives (Truce et al., 1956) exhibit remarkable chiroptical properties (Tomascovic et al., 2000). The dibenzo[b,e]thiepin-5,5-dioxide derivatives are known to possess antihistaminic and antiallergenic activities (Rajsner et al., 1971). In addition, by aminoalkylation of 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-5,5-dioxide and the corresponding 11-ketone, compounds with neurotropic and psychotropic activities have been reported (Rajsner et al., 1969). In addition, the comparative NMR and IR spectral, X-ray structural and theoretical studies of eight 6-arylidenedibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11-one-5,5-dioxides have been reported (Kolehmainen et al., 2007). In view of the importance of thiepines, this paper reports the crystal structure of the title compound.

The seven-membered thiepin ring adopts a distorted boat conformation with the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two fused benzene rings measuring 56.5 (1)° (Fig. 1). This conformation is assisted by sp³ hybridization of atom C8 within the ring. The ketone oxygen atom (O) lies in an equatorial position from the ring on opposite sides of the C8 and S atoms [C3—C2—C1—O = 31.1 (4)° and C13—C14—C1—O = -50.7 (4)°]. Bond lengths and bond angles are all within expected ranges (Allen, 2002).

Following a geometry optimization density functional theory calculation (Schmidt & Polik, 2007), in vacuo, at the B3LYP 6–31-G(d) level with the GAUSSIAN03 program package (Frisch et al., 2004) the angle between the mean planes of the two benzene rings becomes 46.2 (6)°, a decrease of 14.2 (5)°. The C3—C2—C1—O and C13—C14—C1—O torsion angles become 12.8 (2)°) and -36.9 (1)°, a decrease of 18.3 (2)° and 13.8 (3)°, respectively.

Experimental

The title compound was obtained as a gift sample from R. L. Fine Chem, Bangalore, India. The compound was used without further purification. X-ray quality crystals (m.p. 347–349 K) were obtained by slow evaporation of a solution in methanol.

Refinement

H atoms were placed in their calculated positions and then refined using the riding model with C–H = 0.95–0.99 Å, and with U_iso(H) = 1.18–1.21U_eq(C). The absolute structure could not be determined reliably due to the low Friedel pair coverage.

Figures

Fig. 1.

Molecular structure of the title compound, showing atom-labeling scheme and 50% probability displacement ellipsoids.

Crystal data

C14H10OS	F(000) = 472
Mr = 226.28	Dx = 1.398 Mg m−3
Orthorhombic, Pna21	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: P 2c -2n	Cell parameters from 1716 reflections
a = 14.6208 (11) Å	θ = 4.0–73.6°
b = 4.3503 (3) Å	µ = 0.27 mm−1
c = 16.9023 (13) Å	T = 110 K
V = 1075.07 (14) Å3	Plate, colorless
Z = 4	0.47 × 0.42 × 0.12 mm

Data collection

Oxford Diffraction Gemini R CCD diffractometer	1322 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	1291 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
graphite	Rint = 0.022
Detector resolution: 10.5081 pixels mm-1	θmax = 26.2°, θmin = 3.7°
φ and ω scans	h = −11→17
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis RED; Oxford Diffraction, 2007)	k = −4→5
Tmin = 0.769, Tmax = 1.000	l = −8→20
2124 measured reflections

Refinement

Refinement on F2	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: full	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.039	H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.104	w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0678P)2 + 0.7978P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.06	(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
1322 reflections	Δρmax = 0.42 e Å−3
145 parameters	Δρmin = −0.35 e Å−3
1 restraint	Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 242 Friedel pairs
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods	Flack parameter: −0.57 (13)

Special details

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Ų)

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq
S	0.52142 (4)	−0.06772 (16)	0.24929 (6)	0.0178 (2)
O	0.78147 (17)	−0.0883 (7)	0.09651 (19)	0.0321 (7)
C1	0.7100 (2)	0.0006 (8)	0.1263 (2)	0.0200 (7)
C2	0.7074 (2)	0.0905 (7)	0.2121 (2)	0.0180 (7)
C3	0.7902 (2)	0.2143 (7)	0.2405 (2)	0.0227 (7)
H3A	0.8423	0.2129	0.2070	0.027*
C4	0.7980 (2)	0.3374 (9)	0.3154 (2)	0.0256 (8)
H4A	0.8543	0.4237	0.3326	0.031*
C5	0.7227 (2)	0.3339 (9)	0.3654 (2)	0.0244 (7)
H5A	0.7276	0.4167	0.4173	0.029*
C6	0.6408 (2)	0.2104 (7)	0.3401 (2)	0.0192 (7)
H6A	0.5897	0.2100	0.3748	0.023*
C7	0.6316 (2)	0.0853 (6)	0.26388 (19)	0.0161 (7)
C8	0.5289 (2)	−0.2607 (8)	0.1555 (2)	0.0207 (7)
H8A	0.5805	−0.4078	0.1569	0.025*
H8B	0.4720	−0.3796	0.1466	0.025*
C9	0.5423 (2)	−0.0449 (7)	0.0884 (2)	0.0170 (7)
C10	0.4704 (2)	0.0389 (8)	0.0388 (2)	0.0209 (7)
H10A	0.4110	−0.0416	0.0480	0.025*
C11	0.4848 (3)	0.2376 (9)	−0.0235 (2)	0.0266 (8)
H11A	0.4350	0.2961	−0.0563	0.032*
C12	0.5718 (3)	0.3529 (8)	−0.0386 (2)	0.0261 (8)
H12A	0.5814	0.4879	−0.0820	0.031*
C13	0.6447 (2)	0.2706 (8)	0.0099 (2)	0.0222 (7)
H13A	0.7043	0.3476	−0.0006	0.027*
C14	0.6299 (2)	0.0741 (7)	0.0741 (2)	0.0187 (7)

Atomic displacement parameters (Ų)

	U11	U22	U33	U12	U13	U23
S	0.0114 (3)	0.0242 (4)	0.0177 (4)	−0.0023 (3)	0.0028 (3)	−0.0015 (4)
O	0.0181 (12)	0.0470 (16)	0.0312 (15)	0.0089 (11)	0.0049 (11)	−0.0110 (13)
C1	0.0157 (14)	0.0217 (14)	0.0226 (19)	0.0006 (13)	0.0051 (14)	−0.0056 (14)
C2	0.0163 (15)	0.0174 (14)	0.0203 (17)	0.0046 (11)	0.0009 (13)	0.0016 (13)
C3	0.0113 (12)	0.0297 (15)	0.027 (2)	0.0020 (12)	0.0013 (15)	0.0002 (17)
C4	0.0167 (15)	0.0290 (18)	0.031 (2)	−0.0024 (14)	−0.0047 (15)	−0.0004 (16)
C5	0.0257 (17)	0.0275 (16)	0.0201 (17)	−0.0011 (15)	−0.0046 (15)	−0.0026 (15)
C6	0.0176 (14)	0.0205 (15)	0.0196 (15)	−0.0019 (13)	0.0039 (13)	0.0006 (14)
C7	0.0142 (13)	0.0141 (13)	0.020 (2)	0.0016 (11)	−0.0002 (12)	0.0000 (11)
C8	0.0200 (14)	0.0193 (16)	0.0228 (19)	−0.0038 (12)	−0.0014 (13)	−0.0017 (14)
C9	0.0205 (14)	0.0153 (15)	0.0153 (17)	−0.0009 (12)	−0.0005 (13)	−0.0048 (12)
C10	0.0189 (15)	0.0202 (16)	0.0235 (19)	−0.0007 (13)	−0.0016 (13)	−0.0050 (14)
C11	0.0299 (18)	0.0252 (17)	0.0247 (19)	0.0018 (14)	−0.0070 (15)	−0.0023 (16)
C12	0.0348 (18)	0.0255 (17)	0.0179 (16)	−0.0010 (16)	0.0040 (15)	0.0020 (14)
C13	0.0258 (16)	0.0216 (16)	0.0191 (16)	−0.0033 (13)	0.0075 (14)	−0.0040 (14)
C14	0.0179 (15)	0.0170 (14)	0.0211 (17)	0.0020 (12)	0.0048 (14)	−0.0043 (13)

Geometric parameters (Å, °)

S—C7	1.760 (3)	C6—H6A	0.95
S—C8	1.798 (4)	C8—C9	1.485 (5)
O—C1	1.223 (4)	C8—H8A	0.99
C1—C14	1.500 (5)	C8—H8B	0.99
C1—C2	1.503 (5)	C9—C10	1.394 (5)
C2—C3	1.409 (4)	C9—C14	1.402 (5)
C2—C7	1.413 (4)	C10—C11	1.378 (6)
C3—C4	1.379 (5)	C10—H10A	0.95
C3—H3A	0.95	C11—C12	1.391 (5)
C4—C5	1.388 (5)	C11—H11A	0.95
C4—H4A	0.95	C12—C13	1.392 (5)
C5—C6	1.381 (5)	C12—H12A	0.95
C5—H5A	0.95	C13—C14	1.398 (5)
C6—C7	1.404 (4)	C13—H13A	0.95
C7—S—C8	104.17 (15)	C9—C8—H8A	109.1
O—C1—C14	119.5 (3)	S—C8—H8A	109.1
O—C1—C2	120.1 (3)	C9—C8—H8B	109.1
C14—C1—C2	119.5 (3)	S—C8—H8B	109.1
C3—C2—C7	118.0 (3)	H8A—C8—H8B	107.8
C3—C2—C1	114.0 (3)	C10—C9—C14	119.2 (3)
C7—C2—C1	127.8 (3)	C10—C9—C8	121.6 (3)
C4—C3—C2	122.2 (3)	C14—C9—C8	119.1 (3)
C4—C3—H3A	118.9	C11—C10—C9	120.5 (3)
C2—C3—H3A	118.9	C11—C10—H10A	119.7
C3—C4—C5	119.3 (3)	C9—C10—H10A	119.7
C3—C4—H4A	120.4	C10—C11—C12	120.4 (4)
C5—C4—H4A	120.4	C10—C11—H11A	119.8
C6—C5—C4	120.2 (3)	C12—C11—H11A	119.8
C6—C5—H5A	119.9	C11—C12—C13	120.0 (3)
C4—C5—H5A	119.9	C11—C12—H12A	120.0
C5—C6—C7	121.3 (3)	C13—C12—H12A	120.0
C5—C6—H6A	119.4	C12—C13—C14	119.7 (3)
C7—C6—H6A	119.4	C12—C13—H13A	120.1
C6—C7—C2	119.1 (3)	C14—C13—H13A	120.1
C6—C7—S	111.3 (2)	C13—C14—C9	120.1 (3)
C2—C7—S	129.6 (3)	C13—C14—C1	117.8 (3)
C9—C8—S	112.7 (2)	C9—C14—C1	122.2 (3)
O—C1—C2—C3	31.1 (4)	S—C8—C9—C10	−101.8 (3)
C14—C1—C2—C3	−137.8 (3)	S—C8—C9—C14	79.1 (3)
O—C1—C2—C7	−153.8 (3)	C14—C9—C10—C11	−0.3 (5)
C14—C1—C2—C7	37.3 (5)	C8—C9—C10—C11	−179.4 (3)
C7—C2—C3—C4	−2.1 (5)	C9—C10—C11—C12	1.2 (5)
C1—C2—C3—C4	173.4 (3)	C10—C11—C12—C13	−0.7 (6)
C2—C3—C4—C5	1.5 (5)	C11—C12—C13—C14	−0.6 (5)
C3—C4—C5—C6	−0.5 (5)	C12—C13—C14—C9	1.4 (5)
C4—C5—C6—C7	0.2 (5)	C12—C13—C14—C1	−177.9 (3)
C5—C6—C7—C2	−0.9 (5)	C10—C9—C14—C13	−1.0 (5)
C5—C6—C7—S	177.7 (3)	C8—C9—C14—C13	178.1 (3)
C3—C2—C7—C6	1.8 (4)	C10—C9—C14—C1	178.4 (3)
C1—C2—C7—C6	−173.1 (3)	C8—C9—C14—C1	−2.5 (5)
C3—C2—C7—S	−176.6 (2)	O—C1—C14—C13	−50.7 (4)
C1—C2—C7—S	8.5 (5)	C2—C1—C14—C13	118.2 (4)
C8—S—C7—C6	−172.2 (2)	O—C1—C14—C9	129.9 (4)
C8—S—C7—C2	6.3 (3)	C2—C1—C14—C9	−61.1 (4)
C7—S—C8—C9	−67.1 (3)