Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1989 Oct;86(20):7716–7720. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.20.7716

Drosophila NK-homeobox genes.

Y Kim 1, M Nirenberg 1
PMCID: PMC298141  PMID: 2573058

Abstract

Four Drosophila melanogaster homeobox genes were found by screening a genomic DNA library with oligodeoxynucleotides that correspond to a conserved amino acid sequence that is part of the putative of homeobox proteins that recognizes nucleotide sequences in DNA. The amino acid sequences of NK-2, NK-3, and NK-4 homeoboxes are more closely related to one another (59-66% homology) than they are to other Drosophila homeoboxes (28-54% homology), whereas the homeobox of NK-1 is most closely related, in order of decreasing homology, to muscle segment homeobox, zerknüllt-1, NK-3, and distal-less homeoboxes. Three of the genes, NK-1, NK-3, and NK-4, comprise a cluster of homeobox genes located in the 93E1-5 region of the right arm of the third chromosome, whereas the fourth homeobox gene, NK-2, is located in the 1C1-5 region of the X chromosome.

Full text

PDF
7716

Images in this article

7719Image
on p.7719

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Barad M., Jack T., Chadwick R., McGinnis W. A novel, tissue-specific, Drosophila homeobox gene. EMBO J. 1988 Jul;7(7):2151–2161. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03054.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baumgartner S., Bopp D., Burri M., Noll M. Structure of two genes at the gooseberry locus related to the paired gene and their spatial expression during Drosophila embryogenesis. Genes Dev. 1987 Dec;1(10):1247–1267. doi: 10.1101/gad.1.10.1247. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Berleth T., Burri M., Thoma G., Bopp D., Richstein S., Frigerio G., Noll M., Nüsslein-Volhard C. The role of localization of bicoid RNA in organizing the anterior pattern of the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J. 1988 Jun;7(6):1749–1756. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03004.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Biggin M. D., Bickel S., Benson M., Pirrotta V., Tjian R. Zeste encodes a sequence-specific transcription factor that activates the Ultrabithorax promoter in vitro. Cell. 1988 Jun 3;53(5):713–722. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90089-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cohen S. M., Brönner G., Küttner F., Jürgens G., Jäckle H. Distal-less encodes a homoeodomain protein required for limb development in Drosophila. Nature. 1989 Mar 30;338(6214):432–434. doi: 10.1038/338432a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Coleman K. G., Poole S. J., Weir M. P., Soeller W. C., Kornberg T. The invected gene of Drosophila: sequence analysis and expression studies reveal a close kinship to the engrailed gene. Genes Dev. 1987 Mar;1(1):19–28. doi: 10.1101/gad.1.1.19. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. DeLorenzi M., Ali N., Saari G., Henry C., Wilcox M., Bienz M. Evidence that the Abdominal-B r element function is conferred by a trans-regulatory homeoprotein. EMBO J. 1988 Oct;7(10):3223–3231. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03189.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Doe C. Q., Hiromi Y., Gehring W. J., Goodman C. S. Expression and function of the segmentation gene fushi tarazu during Drosophila neurogenesis. Science. 1988 Jan 8;239(4836):170–175. doi: 10.1126/science.2892267. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Doe C. Q., Scott M. P. Segmentation and homeotic gene function in the developing nervous system of Drosophila. Trends Neurosci. 1988 Mar;11(3):101–106. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(88)90154-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Frasch M., Hoey T., Rushlow C., Doyle H., Levine M. Characterization and localization of the even-skipped protein of Drosophila. EMBO J. 1987 Mar;6(3):749–759. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04817.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Frigerio G., Burri M., Bopp D., Baumgartner S., Noll M. Structure of the segmentation gene paired and the Drosophila PRD gene set as part of a gene network. Cell. 1986 Dec 5;47(5):735–746. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90516-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gehring W. J. Homeo boxes in the study of development. Science. 1987 Jun 5;236(4806):1245–1252. doi: 10.1126/science.2884726. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Herr W., Sturm R. A., Clerc R. G., Corcoran L. M., Baltimore D., Sharp P. A., Ingraham H. A., Rosenfeld M. G., Finney M., Ruvkun G. The POU domain: a large conserved region in the mammalian pit-1, oct-1, oct-2, and Caenorhabditis elegans unc-86 gene products. Genes Dev. 1988 Dec;2(12A):1513–1516. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.12a.1513. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hoey T., Doyle H. J., Harding K., Wedeen C., Levine M. Homeo box gene expression in anterior and posterior regions of the Drosophila embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4809–4813. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.13.4809. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kornfeld K., Saint R. B., Beachy P. A., Harte P. J., Peattie D. A., Hogness D. S. Structure and expression of a family of Ultrabithorax mRNAs generated by alternative splicing and polyadenylation in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 1989 Feb;3(2):243–258. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.2.243. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Laughon A., Boulet A. M., Bermingham J. R., Jr, Laymon R. A., Scott M. P. Structure of transcripts from the homeotic Antennapedia gene of Drosophila melanogaster: two promoters control the major protein-coding region. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4676–4689. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4676. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Laughon A., Scott M. P. Sequence of a Drosophila segmentation gene: protein structure homology with DNA-binding proteins. Nature. 1984 Jul 5;310(5972):25–31. doi: 10.1038/310025a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. LeMotte P. K., Kuroiwa A., Fessler L. I., Gehring W. J. The homeotic gene Sex Combs Reduced of Drosophila: gene structure and embryonic expression. EMBO J. 1989 Jan;8(1):219–227. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03367.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Macdonald P. M., Ingham P., Struhl G. Isolation, structure, and expression of even-skipped: a second pair-rule gene of Drosophila containing a homeo box. Cell. 1986 Dec 5;47(5):721–734. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90515-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Maniatis T., Hardison R. C., Lacy E., Lauer J., O'Connell C., Quon D., Sim G. K., Efstratiadis A. The isolation of structural genes from libraries of eucaryotic DNA. Cell. 1978 Oct;15(2):687–701. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90036-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mlodzik M., Fjose A., Gehring W. J. Molecular structure and spatial expression of a homeobox gene from the labial region of the Antennapedia-complex. EMBO J. 1988 Aug;7(8):2569–2578. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03106.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Mlodzik M., Gehring W. J. Expression of the caudal gene in the germ line of Drosophila: formation of an RNA and protein gradient during early embryogenesis. Cell. 1987 Feb 13;48(3):465–478. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90197-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Müller M., Affolter M., Leupin W., Otting G., Wüthrich K., Gehring W. J. Isolation and sequence-specific DNA binding of the Antennapedia homeodomain. EMBO J. 1988 Dec 20;7(13):4299–4304. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03328.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Nüsslein-Volhard C., Frohnhöfer H. G., Lehmann R. Determination of anteroposterior polarity in Drosophila. Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1675–1681. doi: 10.1126/science.3686007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Otting G., Qian Y. Q., Müller M., Affolter M., Gehring W., Wüthrich K. Secondary structure determination for the Antennapedia homeodomain by nuclear magnetic resonance and evidence for a helix-turn-helix motif. EMBO J. 1988 Dec 20;7(13):4305–4309. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03329.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Poole S. J., Kauvar L. M., Drees B., Kornberg T. The engrailed locus of Drosophila: structural analysis of an embryonic transcript. Cell. 1985 Jan;40(1):37–43. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90306-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Regulski M., McGinnis N., Chadwick R., McGinnis W. Developmental and molecular analysis of Deformed; a homeotic gene controlling Drosophila head development. EMBO J. 1987 Mar;6(3):767–777. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04819.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rushlow C., Doyle H., Hoey T., Levine M. Molecular characterization of the zerknüllt region of the Antennapedia gene complex in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 1987 Dec;1(10):1268–1279. doi: 10.1101/gad.1.10.1268. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Saint R., Kalionis B., Lockett T. J., Elizur A. Pattern formation in the developing eye of Drosophila melanogaster is regulated by the homoeo-box gene, rough. Nature. 1988 Jul 14;334(6178):151–154. doi: 10.1038/334151a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Schneuwly S., Kuroiwa A., Baumgartner P., Gehring W. J. Structural organization and sequence of the homeotic gene Antennapedia of Drosophila melanogaster. EMBO J. 1986 Apr;5(4):733–739. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04275.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Scott M. P., Carroll S. B. The segmentation and homeotic gene network in early Drosophila development. Cell. 1987 Dec 4;51(5):689–698. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90092-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Tomlinson A., Kimmel B. E., Rubin G. M. rough, a Drosophila homeobox gene required in photoreceptors R2 and R5 for inductive interactions in the developing eye. Cell. 1988 Dec 2;55(5):771–784. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90133-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Wood W. I., Gitschier J., Lasky L. A., Lawn R. M. Base composition-independent hybridization in tetramethylammonium chloride: a method for oligonucleotide screening of highly complex gene libraries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(6):1585–1588. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.6.1585. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Zink B., Paro R. In vivo binding pattern of a trans-regulator of homoeotic genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature. 1989 Feb 2;337(6206):468–471. doi: 10.1038/337468a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES