Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1989 Oct;86(20):7871–7875. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.20.7871

Associative memory neural network with low temporal spiking rates.

D J Amit 1, A Treves 1
PMCID: PMC298173  PMID: 2813363

Abstract

We describe a modified attractor neural network in which neuronal dynamics takes place on a time scale of the absolute refractory period but the mean temporal firing rate of any neuron in the network is lower by an arbitrary factor that characterizes the strength of the effective inhibition. It operates by encoding information on the excitatory neurons only and assuming the inhibitory neurons to be faster and to inhibit the excitatory ones by an effective postsynaptic potential that is expressed in terms of the activity of the excitatory neurons themselves. Retrieval is identified as a nonergodic behavior of the network whose consecutive states have a significantly enhanced activity rate for the neurons that should be active in a stored pattern and a reduced activity rate for the neurons that are inactive in the memorized pattern. In contrast to the Hopfield model the network operates away from fixed points and under the strong influence of noise. As a consequence, of the neurons that should be active in a pattern, only a small fraction is active in any given time cycle and those are randomly distributed, leading to reduced temporal rates. We argue that this model brings neural network models much closer to biological reality. We present the results of detailed analysis of the model as well as simulations.

Full text

PDF
7871

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Amit D. J. Neural networks counting chimes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(7):2141–2145. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.7.2141. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Amit DJ, Gutfreund H, Sompolinsky H. Information storage in neural networks with low levels of activity. Phys Rev A Gen Phys. 1987 Mar 1;35(5):2293–2303. doi: 10.1103/physreva.35.2293. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Amit DJ, Gutfreund H, Sompolinsky H. Spin-glass models of neural networks. Phys Rev A Gen Phys. 1985 Aug;32(2):1007–1018. doi: 10.1103/physreva.32.1007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Andersen R. A., Mountcastle V. B. The influence of the angle of gaze upon the excitability of the light-sensitive neurons of the posterior parietal cortex. J Neurosci. 1983 Mar;3(3):532–548. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.03-03-00532.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. FATT P., KATZ B. The effect of inhibitory nerve impulses on a crustacean muscle fibre. J Physiol. 1953 Aug;121(2):374–389. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1953.sp004952. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Goldberg M. E., Bruce C. J. Cerebral cortical activity associated with the orientation of visual attention in the rhesus monkey. Vision Res. 1985;25(3):471–481. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(85)90072-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hopfield J. J. Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Apr;79(8):2554–2558. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.8.2554. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kleinfeld D., Sompolinsky H. Associative neural network model for the generation of temporal patterns. Theory and application to central pattern generators. Biophys J. 1988 Dec;54(6):1039–1051. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(88)83041-8. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Miyashita Y., Chang H. S. Neuronal correlate of pictorial short-term memory in the primate temporal cortex. Nature. 1988 Jan 7;331(6151):68–70. doi: 10.1038/331068a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Shinomoto S. A cognitive and associative memory. Biol Cybern. 1987;57(3):197–206. doi: 10.1007/BF00364151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Sur M., Wall J. T., Kaas J. H. Modular distribution of neurons with slowly adapting and rapidly adapting responses in area 3b of somatosensory cortex in monkeys. J Neurophysiol. 1984 Apr;51(4):724–744. doi: 10.1152/jn.1984.51.4.724. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Willshaw D. J., Buneman O. P., Longuet-Higgins H. C. Non-holographic associative memory. Nature. 1969 Jun 7;222(5197):960–962. doi: 10.1038/222960a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES