Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1989 Dec;86(23):9539–9543. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.23.9539

CD4-Pseudomonas exotoxin hybrid protein blocks the spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro and is active against cells expressing the envelope glycoproteins from diverse primate immunodeficiency retroviruses.

E A Berger 1, K A Clouse 1, V K Chaudhary 1, S Chakrabarti 1, D J FitzGerald 1, I Pastan 1, B Moss 1
PMCID: PMC298532  PMID: 2480605

Abstract

We previously described an unusual recombinant protein, designated CD4(178)-PE40, containing the gp120 binding region of human CD4 linked to active regions of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. The ability of this molecule to selectively inhibit protein synthesis in cells expressing the surface envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suggested this molecule may be useful in treating infected individuals. To further evaluate its therapeutic potential, several in vitro properties of this hybrid toxin were examined. CD4(178)-PE40 was found to be an extremely potent cytotoxic agent, selectively killing HIV-infected cells with IC50 values around 100 pM. In a coculture system employing mixtures of HIV-infected and -uninfected cells, the hybrid toxin inhibited spread of the infection, as judged by a delay in HIV-induced cell killing and a dramatic suppression of free virus production. Experiments with control recombinant proteins indicated that this protective effect was primarily due to selective killing of the HIV-infected cells, rather than to a simple blocking effect of the CD4 moiety of the hybrid toxin. Using recombinant vaccinia viruses as expression vectors, we found the hybrid toxin to be active against cells expressing the envelope glycoproteins of divergent isolates of HIV-1, as well as HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus. These results provide further support for the therapeutic potential of CD4(178)-PE40 in the treatment of HIV-infected individuals.

Full text

PDF
9539

Images in this article

9542Image
on p.9542

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Berger E. A., Fuerst T. R., Moss B. A soluble recombinant polypeptide comprising the amino-terminal half of the extracellular region of the CD4 molecule contains an active binding site for human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(7):2357–2361. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.7.2357. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chaudhary V. K., Mizukami T., Fuerst T. R., FitzGerald D. J., Moss B., Pastan I., Berger E. A. Selective killing of HIV-infected cells by recombinant human CD4-Pseudomonas exotoxin hybrid protein. Nature. 1988 Sep 22;335(6188):369–372. doi: 10.1038/335369a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Clouse K. A., Powell D., Washington I., Poli G., Strebel K., Farrar W., Barstad P., Kovacs J., Fauci A. S., Folks T. M. Monokine regulation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 expression in a chronically infected human T cell clone. J Immunol. 1989 Jan 15;142(2):431–438. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Coffin J. M. Genetic variation in AIDS viruses. Cell. 1986 Jul 4;46(1):1–4. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90851-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Deen K. C., McDougal J. S., Inacker R., Folena-Wasserman G., Arthos J., Rosenberg J., Maddon P. J., Axel R., Sweet R. W. A soluble form of CD4 (T4) protein inhibits AIDS virus infection. Nature. 1988 Jan 7;331(6151):82–84. doi: 10.1038/331082a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Douglas C. M., Collier R. J. Exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: substitution of glutamic acid 553 with aspartic acid drastically reduces toxicity and enzymatic activity. J Bacteriol. 1987 Nov;169(11):4967–4971. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.11.4967-4971.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fisher R. A., Bertonis J. M., Meier W., Johnson V. A., Costopoulos D. S., Liu T., Tizard R., Walker B. D., Hirsch M. S., Schooley R. T. HIV infection is blocked in vitro by recombinant soluble CD4. Nature. 1988 Jan 7;331(6151):76–78. doi: 10.1038/331076a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Folks T. M., Powell D., Lightfoote M., Koenig S., Fauci A. S., Benn S., Rabson A., Daugherty D., Gendelman H. E., Hoggan M. D. Biological and biochemical characterization of a cloned Leu-3- cell surviving infection with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome retrovirus. J Exp Med. 1986 Jul 1;164(1):280–290. doi: 10.1084/jem.164.1.280. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Folks T., Benn S., Rabson A., Theodore T., Hoggan M. D., Martin M., Lightfoote M., Sell K. Characterization of a continuous T-cell line susceptible to the cytopathic effects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated retrovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(13):4539–4543. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.13.4539. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Folks T., Powell D. M., Lightfoote M. M., Benn S., Martin M. A., Fauci A. S. Induction of HTLV-III/LAV from a nonvirus-producing T-cell line: implications for latency. Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):600–602. doi: 10.1126/science.3003906. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Franchini G., Fargnoli K. A., Giombini F., Jagodzinski L., De Rossi A., Bosch M., Biberfeld G., Fenyo E. M., Albert J., Gallo R. C. Molecular and biological characterization of a replication competent human immunodeficiency type 2 (HIV-2) proviral clone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Apr;86(7):2433–2437. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.7.2433. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Franchini G., Gurgo C., Guo H. G., Gallo R. C., Collalti E., Fargnoli K. A., Hall L. F., Wong-Staal F., Reitz M. S., Jr Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses. Nature. 1987 Aug 6;328(6130):539–543. doi: 10.1038/328539a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Fuerst T. R., Earl P. L., Moss B. Use of a hybrid vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase system for expression of target genes. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jul;7(7):2538–2544. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.7.2538. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fuerst T. R., Niles E. G., Studier F. W., Moss B. Eukaryotic transient-expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8122–8126. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.21.8122. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gendelman H. E., Theodore T. S., Willey R., McCoy J., Adachi A., Mervis R. J., Venkatesan S., Martin M. A. Molecular characterization of a polymerase mutant human immunodeficiency virus. Virology. 1987 Oct;160(2):323–329. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90002-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hussey R. E., Richardson N. E., Kowalski M., Brown N. R., Chang H. C., Siliciano R. F., Dorfman T., Walker B., Sodroski J., Reinherz E. L. A soluble CD4 protein selectively inhibits HIV replication and syncytium formation. Nature. 1988 Jan 7;331(6151):78–81. doi: 10.1038/331078a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kondo T., FitzGerald D., Chaudhary V. K., Adhya S., Pastan I. Activity of immunotoxins constructed with modified Pseudomonas exotoxin A lacking the cell recognition domain. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jul 5;263(19):9470–9475. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lasky L. A., Nakamura G., Smith D. H., Fennie C., Shimasaki C., Patzer E., Berman P., Gregory T., Capon D. J. Delineation of a region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 glycoprotein critical for interaction with the CD4 receptor. Cell. 1987 Sep 11;50(6):975–985. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90524-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Popovic M., Sarngadharan M. G., Read E., Gallo R. C. Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS. Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):497–500. doi: 10.1126/science.6200935. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sattentau Q. J., Clapham P. R., Weiss R. A., Beverley P. C., Montagnier L., Alhalabi M. F., Gluckmann J. C., Klatzmann D. The human and simian immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV interact with similar epitopes on their cellular receptor, the CD4 molecule. AIDS. 1988 Apr;2(2):101–105. doi: 10.1097/00002030-198804000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sattentau Q. J., Weiss R. A. The CD4 antigen: physiological ligand and HIV receptor. Cell. 1988 Mar 11;52(5):631–633. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90397-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Smith D. H., Byrn R. A., Marsters S. A., Gregory T., Groopman J. E., Capon D. J. Blocking of HIV-1 infectivity by a soluble, secreted form of the CD4 antigen. Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1704–1707. doi: 10.1126/science.3500514. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Tada H., Shiho O., Kuroshima K., Koyama M., Tsukamoto K. An improved colorimetric assay for interleukin 2. J Immunol Methods. 1986 Nov 6;93(2):157–165. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90183-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Traunecker A., Lüke W., Karjalainen K. Soluble CD4 molecules neutralize human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Nature. 1988 Jan 7;331(6151):84–86. doi: 10.1038/331084a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES