Table 3.

Comparison of Participants in Both HIV Testing Programs With Nonparticipants in 2006 Who Were Tested in 2004, by Selected HIV-Related Behaviors, MDICP 2004–2006

	Tested in 2004 but Not in 2006 (%)				Significance Tests of Differencesa
Characteristics	% Tested in Both Surveys (1)	Refused (2)	Temporarily Away/Out- Migrated (3)	Other Outcomes/Missing (4)	(1) vs. (2)	(1) vs. (3)	(1) vs. (4)
HIV Status in 2004
Negative/indeterminate	95.6	84.5	82.9	87.0	**	**	**
Positive	4.4b	15.5	9.9	13.0	**	**	**
Missing	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	ns	*	ns
Number of Unions
Never married	12.3	10.9	32.3	14.5	ns	**	ns
Married once	54.3	49.1	41.4	50.5	ns	**	ns
More than once	33.5	40.0	20.6	29.1	ns	**	ns
Missing	0.0	0.0	5.8	5.9	ns	**	**
Number of Sexual Partners
Never had sex	4.0	4.6	11.5	5.7	ns	**	ns
One partner	32.2	31.8	23.6	22.4	ns	**	**
2+ partners	63.0	62.7	49.6	49.9	ns	**	**
Missing	0.8	0.9	15.3	22.0	ns	**	**
Suspects Partner of Infidelity
No/don’t know	68.1	65.5	38.9	48.9	ns	**	**
Yes	18.3	22.7	31.0	20.3	ns	**	ns
No spouse/partner	13.2	11.8	19.7	14.7	ns	**	ns
Missing	0.3	0.0	10.4	16.1	ns	**	**
Worried About Getting HIV/AIDS
No/don’t know	57.4	53.6	34.8	46.8	ns	**	**
Yes	42.6	46.4	64.9	51.8	ns	**	**
Missing	0.0	0.0	0.3	1.5	ns	*	**
Perceived Risk of Current Infection
No/low risk/don’t know	90.4	94.5	84.4	88.1	ns	ns	*
Medium/high risk	8.9	5.5	12.0	12.0	ns	ns	*
Knows Someone With AIDS/Died of AIDS
No one/don’t know	3.9	3.6	9.0	5.5	ns	**	ns
At least one	95.8	96.4	81.4	78.2	ns	**	**
Missing	0.3	0.0	9.6	16.4	ns	**	**
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of Respondents	2,031	110	365	477

Note: Percentages may not add up to exactly 100 in some cases because of rounding error.

Source: From the author’s calculations of data from the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project.

^aSignificance tests are tests of proportions; ns = not statistically significant.

^bPrevalence in 2006 among those tested in both surveys was 5% (men: 4%; women: 6%).

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01