Table 13.
Summary of directions of effects of SPI across all quantitative evaluations of SPI1 and SPI2. Significant results are indicated
| SPI1 v control | SPI2 v control | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes favouring SPI | Outcomesfavouring control | Outcomes with no difference | Outcomes favouring SPI | Outcomes favouring control | Outcomes with no difference | ||
| Staff survey | 7* | 3 | 1 | 2 | 10* | 1 | |
| Vital signs | 9* | 3 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 4 | |
| Routine investigation | 0 | 3 | — | — | — | 3 | |
| Specific standards | 0 | 3 | — | 2 | — | — | |
| Prescribing | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | |
| Medical history | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 1 | |
| Mortality among case notes | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | |
| Holistic errors | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | |
| Holistic adverse events | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | |
| Patient survey | 4* | 1 | — | 1 | 2 | 2 | |
| Intensive care mortality | NA | NA | NA | 1 | — | — | |
| Handwashing materials: | |||||||
| Soap | NA | NA | NA | — | 1 | — | |
| Alcohol hand rub | NA | NA | NA | 1 | — | — | |
| C difficile rates | NA | NA | NA | 1 | — | — | |
| MRSA rates | NA | NA | NA | 1 | — | — | |
| Totals | 28 | 19 | 4 | 24 | 22 | 11 | |
NA=Not applicable
*One of these results was significant at P<0.01. Across whole study, four of 108 measured outcomes yielded significant results at P<0.01 when changes in SPI were compared with changes in control. Three of these favoured SPI and one favoured controls. Four further results were significant at P<0.05, but not P<0.01; and all favoured SPI (three in SPI1 and one in SPI2).