TABLE 2.
Characteristics of Primary Seizure Event According to Primary-Seizure Enrollment Group and Gastrointestinal Illness Group
| Overall (N = 117) | Enrollment-Seizure Group |
Illness Group |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unprovoked (n = 5) | Febrile (n = 78) | Nonfebrile Illness (n = 34) | Non-GI Illness (n = 74) | GI Illness (n = 38) | ||
| Median duration of first seizure, median (IQR), min | 2 (0.6–4) | 2.5 (2–3) | 2 (0.5–5) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (0.75–5) | 2 (0.5–3) |
| Seizure duration ≥ 15 min, n (%) | 9 (8) | 0 (0) | 7 (9) | 2 (6) | 6 (8) | 3 (8) |
| Multiple seizures in first 24 h, n (%) | 43 (37) | 1 (20) | 22 (28) | 20 (59) | 20 (27) | 22 (58) |
| P | .002 | .001 | ||||
| Additional seizures in first week, n (%) | 7 (6) | 0 (0) | 5 (6) | 2 (6) | 5 (7) | 1 (5) |
| Focal primary seizure, n (%) | 10 (9) | 1 (20) | 7 (9) | 2 (6) | 9 (12) | 0 (0) |
| Unknown | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | .024 | |||
| Abnormal findingsa | ||||||
| Glucose, n/N (%) | 16/33 (48) | 2/2 (100) | 12/17 (71) | 2/14 (14) | 9/16 (56) | 5/15 (33) |
| P | .002 | |||||
| Sodium, n/N (%) | 4/38 (11) | 0/2 (0) | 2/17 (12) | 2/19 (11) | 0/16 (0) | 4/20 (20) |
| Calcium, n/N (%) | 1/25 (4) | 0/2 (0) | 1/9 (11) | 0/14 (0) | 0/11 (0) | 1/12 (8) |
| Magnesium, n/N (%) | 3/20 (15) | 0/2 (0) | 1/5 (20) | 2/13 (15) | 1/8 (13) | 2/10 (20) |
| Phosphorous, n/N (%) | 3/22 (14) | 0/2 (0) | 0/6 (0) | 3/14 (21) | 1/10 (10) | 2/10 (20) |
| Computed tomography, n/N (%) | 4/20 (20) | 0/1 (0) | 3/11 (27) | 1/8 (13) | 4/14 (29) | 0/5 (0) |
| MRI, n/N (%) | 6/8 (75) | 1/2 (50) | 4/5 (80) | 1/1 (100) | 5/5 (100) | 0/1 (0) |
| EEG, n/N (%) | 14/32 (44) | 3/4 (75) | 5/11 (45) | 6/17 (35) | 8/19 (42) | 3/9 (33) |
| Specific EEG abnormalities | ||||||
| Slowing, n (n focal) | 8 (4) | 1 (1) | 4 (2) | 3 (1) | 5 (3) | 2 (0) |
| Epileptiform discharge, n (n focal) | 7 (6) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 3 (2) | 4 (4) | 1 (0) |
GI indicates gastrointestinal; IQR, interquartile range; n/N, number of children with abnormalities per number of children with test performed.
a
The ranges of abnormal laboratory values were as follows: low glucose, 41–61 mg/dL; high glucose, 107–271 mg/dL; low sodium, 131–134 mEq/L; low calcium, 16 mg/dL; low magnesium, 1.5–1.7 mg/dL; low phosphorus, 3.6–3.8 mg/dL; high phosphorus, 7.4 mg/dL.