Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1987 Apr;84(8):2406–2410. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.8.2406

Handicapped retroviral vectors efficiently transduce foreign genes into hematopoietic stem cells.

R G Hawley, L Covarrubias, T Hawley, B Mintz
PMCID: PMC304660  PMID: 3031683

Abstract

Retroviral vectors, designated handicapped, are described. These are genetically defective viruses that allow transfer of nonselectable genes under the transcriptional control of internal promoters. The basic handicapped vector (pHHAM) is derived from Harvey, Abelson, and Moloney murine retroviruses. It contains a 327-base-pair deletion in the 3' long terminal repeat that spans enhancer and promoter sequences. The deletion is successfully transferred to the 5' long terminal repeat after reverse transcription of viral RNA, yielding a provirus incapable of synthesizing viral transcripts. HHAM viruses containing the mouse c-myc gene under the control of immunoglobulin kappa chain gene regulatory elements, along with a selectable gene (neo) driven by a weak promoter (tk), were stably transmitted to cultured mouse B cells. The donor c-myc gene was transcribed from the kappa promoter in these cells. Helper-free virus-producing cell lines were generated at titers favorable for the efficient introduction of HHAM viruses, even without selection, into hematopoietic stem cells from mouse bone marrow. When returned to unirradiated congenic recipient mice, the cells were capable of long-term reconstitution of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages of W/Wv mutants and the lymphoid system of scid mutants.

Full text

PDF
2406

Images in this article

2408Image
on p.2408
2408Image
on p.2408
2408Image
on p.2408
2408Image
on p.2408
2408Image
on p.2408
2409Image
on p.2409
2409Image
on p.2409
2409Image
on p.2409

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adams J. M., Harris A. W., Pinkert C. A., Corcoran L. M., Alexander W. S., Cory S., Palmiter R. D., Brinster R. L. The c-myc oncogene driven by immunoglobulin enhancers induces lymphoid malignancy in transgenic mice. Nature. 1985 Dec 12;318(6046):533–538. doi: 10.1038/318533a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Benz E. W., Jr, Wydro R. M., Nadal-Ginard B., Dina D. Moloney murine sarcoma proviral DNA is a transcriptional unit. Nature. 1980 Dec 25;288(5792):665–669. doi: 10.1038/288665a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bernard O., Cory S., Gerondakis S., Webb E., Adams J. M. Sequence of the murine and human cellular myc oncogenes and two modes of myc transcription resulting from chromosome translocation in B lymphoid tumours. EMBO J. 1983;2(12):2375–2383. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01749.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bosma G. C., Custer R. P., Bosma M. J. A severe combined immunodeficiency mutation in the mouse. Nature. 1983 Feb 10;301(5900):527–530. doi: 10.1038/301527a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cullen B. R., Lomedico P. T., Ju G. Transcriptional interference in avian retroviruses--implications for the promoter insertion model of leukaemogenesis. Nature. 1984 Jan 19;307(5948):241–245. doi: 10.1038/307241a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dick J. E., Magli M. C., Huszar D., Phillips R. A., Bernstein A. Introduction of a selectable gene into primitive stem cells capable of long-term reconstitution of the hemopoietic system of W/Wv mice. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):71–79. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80102-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Emerman M., Temin H. M. High-frequency deletion in recovered retrovirus vectors containing exogenous DNA with promoters. J Virol. 1984 Apr;50(1):42–49. doi: 10.1128/jvi.50.1.42-49.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Fleischman R. A., Mintz B. Development of adult bone marrow stem cells in H-2-compatible and -incompatible mouse fetuses. J Exp Med. 1984 Mar 1;159(3):731–745. doi: 10.1084/jem.159.3.731. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Garcia J. V., Bich-Thuy L. T., Stafford J., Queen C. Synergism between immunoglobulin enhancers and promoters. Nature. 1986 Jul 24;322(6077):383–385. doi: 10.1038/322383a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gillies S. D., Morrison S. L., Oi V. T., Tonegawa S. A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):717–728. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90014-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gough N. M., Kemp D. J., Tyler B. M., Adams J. M., Cory S. Intervening sequences divide the gene for the constant region of mouse immunoglobulin mu chains into segments, each encoding a domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jan;77(1):554–558. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.1.554. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Graves B. J., Eisenman R. N., McKnight S. L. Delineation of transcriptional control signals within the Moloney murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Aug;5(8):1948–1958. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.8.1948. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gutman G. A., Warner N. L., Harris A. W. Immunoglobulin production by murine B-lymphoma cells. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1981 Feb;18(2):230–244. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(81)90029-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hanahan D., Lane D., Lipsich L., Wigler M., Botchan M. Characteristics of an SV40-plasmid recombinant and its movement into and out of the genome of a murine cell. Cell. 1980 Aug;21(1):127–139. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90120-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hawley R. G., Shulman M. J., Hozumi N. Transposition of two different intracisternal A particle elements into an immunoglobulin kappa-chain gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Dec;4(12):2565–2572. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.12.2565. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hodgson G. S., Bradley T. R. Properties of haematopoietic stem cells surviving 5-fluorouracil treatment: evidence for a pre-CFU-S cell? Nature. 1979 Oct 4;281(5730):381–382. doi: 10.1038/281381a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Jorgensen R. A., Rothstein S. J., Reznikoff W. S. A restriction enzyme cleavage map of Tn5 and location of a region encoding neomycin resistance. Mol Gen Genet. 1979;177(1):65–72. doi: 10.1007/BF00267254. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Keller G., Paige C., Gilboa E., Wagner E. F. Expression of a foreign gene in myeloid and lymphoid cells derived from multipotent haematopoietic precursors. Nature. 1985 Nov 14;318(6042):149–154. doi: 10.1038/318149a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kelly K., Cochran B. H., Stiles C. D., Leder P. Cell-specific regulation of the c-myc gene by lymphocyte mitogens and platelet-derived growth factor. Cell. 1983 Dec;35(3 Pt 2):603–610. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90092-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kriegler M., Perez C. F., Hardy C., Botchan M. Transformation mediated by the SV40 T antigens: separation of the overlapping SV40 early genes with a retroviral vector. Cell. 1984 Sep;38(2):483–491. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90503-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lee J. C., Hapel A. J., Ihle J. N. Constitutive production of a unique lymphokine (IL 3) by the WEHI-3 cell line. J Immunol. 1982 Jun;128(6):2393–2398. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Lemischka I. R., Raulet D. H., Mulligan R. C. Developmental potential and dynamic behavior of hematopoietic stem cells. Cell. 1986 Jun 20;45(6):917–927. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90566-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Mann R., Mulligan R. C., Baltimore D. Construction of a retrovirus packaging mutant and its use to produce helper-free defective retrovirus. Cell. 1983 May;33(1):153–159. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90344-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Marcu K. B., Banerji J., Penncavage N. A., Lang R., Arnheim N. 5' flanking region of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes displays length heterogeneity in germlines of inbred mouse strains. Cell. 1980 Nov;22(1 Pt 1):187–196. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90167-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Pear W. S., Ingvarsson S., Steffen D., Münke M., Francke U., Bazin H., Klein G., Sümegi J. Multiple chromosomal rearrangements in a spontaneously arising t(6;7) rat immunocytoma juxtapose c-myc and immunoglobulin heavy chain sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(19):7376–7380. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.19.7376. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Picard D., Schaffner W. A lymphocyte-specific enhancer in the mouse immunoglobulin kappa gene. Nature. 1984 Jan 5;307(5946):80–82. doi: 10.1038/307080a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Reed K. C., Mann D. A. Rapid transfer of DNA from agarose gels to nylon membranes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Oct 25;13(20):7207–7221. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.20.7207. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Shen-Ong G. L., Keath E. J., Piccoli S. P., Cole M. D. Novel myc oncogene RNA from abortive immunoglobulin-gene recombination in mouse plasmacytomas. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(2 Pt 1):443–452. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90137-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Southern P. J., Berg P. Transformation of mammalian cells to antibiotic resistance with a bacterial gene under control of the SV40 early region promoter. J Mol Appl Genet. 1982;1(4):327–341. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Stanley E. R., Bartocci A., Patinkin D., Rosendaal M., Bradley T. R. Regulation of very primitive, multipotent, hemopoietic cells by hemopoietin-1. Cell. 1986 Jun 6;45(5):667–674. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90781-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Thomas P. S. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5201–5205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Varmus H. E. Form and function of retroviral proviruses. Science. 1982 May 21;216(4548):812–820. doi: 10.1126/science.6177038. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Vieira J., Messing J. The pUC plasmids, an M13mp7-derived system for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing with synthetic universal primers. Gene. 1982 Oct;19(3):259–268. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90015-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Wagner E. F., Vanek M., Vennström B. Transfer of genes into embryonal carcinoma cells by retrovirus infection: efficient expression from an internal promoter. EMBO J. 1985 Mar;4(3):663–666. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03680.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Whitney J. B., 3rd Simplified typing of mouse hemoglobin (Hbb) phenotypes using cystamine. Biochem Genet. 1978 Aug;16(7-8):667–672. doi: 10.1007/BF00484723. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Yu S. F., von Rüden T., Kantoff P. W., Garber C., Seiberg M., Rüther U., Anderson W. F., Wagner E. F., Gilboa E. Self-inactivating retroviral vectors designed for transfer of whole genes into mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(10):3194–3198. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.10.3194. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES