Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1987 Aug 11;15(15):6007–6016. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.15.6007

Identification of the transcriptional initiation site of ribosomal RNA genes in the crustacean Artemia.

I Gil, M E Gallego, J Renart, J Cruces
PMCID: PMC306064  PMID: 3627976

Abstract

The proximal part of the Intergenic Spacer, as well as most of the External Transcribed Spacer of the ribosomal RNA type I genes from the crustacean Artemia have been sequenced. We have identified in the Intergenic Spacer five repeats of around 600 bp in length and, possibly, two imperfect or truncated repeats, derived from the principal ones. These sequences are separated by 485 bp from the 17S rRNA coding sequence. We have also identified the start point of transcription by S1 nuclease analysis. This start point is found 248 bp inside the first repeat. The sequence around the start point shows homology with that described for other members of the same phylum, mostly insects. The most conserved regions are from -1 to +25, and the G residue at position -16. At least the three 600-bp repeats upstream from that containing the promoter also contain the start point sequence, and could therefore act as initiation sites for snPIRNA and/or as enhancer sequences for ribosomal RNA gene transcription.

Full text

PDF
6007

Images in this article

6012Image
on p.6012
6013Image
on p.6013

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adams S. L., Sobel M. E., Howard B. H., Olden K., Yamada K. M., de Crombrugghe B., Pastan I. Levels of translatable mRNAs for cell surface protein, collagen precursors, and two membrane proteins are altered in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Aug;74(8):3399–3403. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.8.3399. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cassidy B. G., Yang-Yen H. F., Rothblum L. I. Transcriptional role for the nontranscribed spacer of rat ribosomal DNA. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Aug;6(8):2766–2773. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.8.2766. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cross N. C., Dover G. A. Tsetse fly rDNA: an analysis of structure and sequence. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jan 12;15(1):15–30. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.1.15. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cruces J., Sebastián J., Renart J. Restriction mapping of the rRNA genes from Artemia larvae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1981 Jan 30;98(2):404–409. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)90854-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dover G. A., Flavell R. B. Molecular coevolution: DNA divergence and the maintenance of function. Cell. 1984 Oct;38(3):622–623. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90255-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dumenco V. M., Wejksnora P. J. Characterization of the region around the start point of transcription of ribosomal RNA in the Chinese hamster. Gene. 1986;46(2-3):227–235. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90407-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fujiwara H., Ishikawa H. Structure of the Bombyx mori rDNA: initiation site for its transcription. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Feb 11;15(3):1245–1258. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.3.1245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gallego M. E., Díaz-Guerra M., Cruces J., Sebastián J., Renart J. Characterization of two types of rRNA gene repeat units from the crustacean Artemia. Gene. 1986;48(1):175–182. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90363-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Harrington C. A., Chikaraishi D. M. Identification and sequence of the initiation site for rat 45S ribosomal RNA synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 May 25;11(10):3317–3332. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.10.3317. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Keppel F. Transcribed human ribosomal RNA genes are attached to the nuclear matrix. J Mol Biol. 1986 Jan 5;187(1):15–21. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90402-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kohorn B. D., Rae P. M. Accurate transcription of truncated ribosomal DNA templates in a Drosophila cell-free system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(5):1501–1505. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.5.1501. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Labhart P., Reeder R. H. Enhancer-like properties of the 60/81 bp elements in the ribosomal gene spacer of Xenopus laevis. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):285–289. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90324-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Murtif V. L., Rae P. M. In vivo transcription of rDNA spacers in Drosophila. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 May 10;13(9):3221–3239. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.9.3221. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nelles L., Fang B. L., Volckaert G., Vandenberghe A., De Wachter R. Nucleotide sequence of a crustacean 18S ribosomal RNA gene and secondary structure of eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Dec 11;12(23):8749–8768. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.23.8749. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Osuna C., Sebastián J. Levels of the RNA polymerases during the early larval development of Artemia. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Aug;109(2):383–389. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04805.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Reeder R. H. Enhancers and ribosomal gene spacers. Cell. 1984 Sep;38(2):349–351. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90489-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Schmidt E. R., Godwin E. A., Keyl H. G., Israelewski N. Cloning and analysis of ribosomal DNA of Chironomus thummi piger and Chironomus thummi thummi. The nontranscribed spacer of Ch. th. thummi contains a highly repetitive DNA sequence. Chromosoma. 1982;87(4):389–407. doi: 10.1007/BF00327181. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Schäfer M., Wyman A. R., White R. Length variation in the non-transcribed spacer of Calliphora erythrocephala ribosomal DNA is due to a 350 base-pair repeat. J Mol Biol. 1981 Feb 25;146(2):179–199. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90431-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Simeone A., La Volpe A., Boncinelli E. Nucleotide sequence of a complete ribosomal spacer of D. melanogaster. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Feb 25;13(4):1089–1101. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.4.1089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Skinner J. A., Ohrlein A., Grummt I. In vitro mutagenesis and transcriptional analysis of a mouse ribosomal promoter element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):2137–2141. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.7.2137. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sollner-Webb B., Reeder R. H. The nucleotide sequence of the initiation and termination sites for ribosomal RNA transcription in X. laevis. Cell. 1979 Oct;18(2):485–499. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90066-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sollner-Webb B., Tower J. Transcription of cloned eukaryotic ribosomal RNA genes. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:801–830. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.004101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tautz D., Dover G. A. Transcription of the tandem array of ribosomal DNA in Drosophila melanogaster does not terminate at any fixed point. EMBO J. 1986 Jun;5(6):1267–1273. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04356.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES