Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1987 Sep 25;15(18):7309–7324. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.18.7309

The yeast ROAM mutation--identification of the sequences mediating host gene activation and cell-type control in the yeast retrotransposon, Ty.

P D Rathjen 1, A J Kingsman 1, S M Kingsman 1
PMCID: PMC306250  PMID: 2821507

Abstract

When the yeast retrotransposon, Ty, integrates into the 5' flanking region of a gene it can activate the expression of that gene. At the same time the activated gene is brought under cell-type specific control such that expression is high in haploid a or alpha cells but low in a/alpha diploids. These Ty mediated mutations are known as ROAM mutations. In this study we have used a ROAM mutation created in vitro to identify the sequences within Ty that mediate this phenomenon. We show that a single activator located within the coding region of the Ty element is responsible for ROAM activation. This sequence, which is regulated by the mating type of the cell, differs from classical enhancer elements in that its activity is strictly orientation dependent. An independent activator located downstream of the ROAM sequence activated transcription only in the non-ROAM orientation. This sequence may be part of an internal promoter that controls expression of the sub-genomic 5.0kb Ty transcript.

Full text

PDF
7309

Images in this article

7315Image
on p.7315
7316Image
on p.7316
7319Image
on p.7319

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adams S. E., Mellor J., Gull K., Sim R. B., Tuite M. F., Kingsman S. M., Kingsman A. J. The functions and relationships of Ty-VLP proteins in yeast reflect those of mammalian retroviral proteins. Cell. 1987 Apr 10;49(1):111–119. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90761-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Beggs J. D. Transformation of yeast by a replicating hybrid plasmid. Nature. 1978 Sep 14;275(5676):104–109. doi: 10.1038/275104a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Boeke J. D., Garfinkel D. J., Styles C. A., Fink G. R. Ty elements transpose through an RNA intermediate. Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):491–500. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90197-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bowen B. A., Fulton A. M., Tuite M. F., Kingsman S. M., Kingsman A. J. Expression of Ty-lacZ fusions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Feb 10;12(3):1627–1640. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.3.1627. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cameron J. R., Loh E. Y., Davis R. W. Evidence for transposition of dispersed repetitive DNA families in yeast. Cell. 1979 Apr;16(4):739–751. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90090-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chinault A. C., Carbon J. Overlap hybridization screening: isolation and characterization of overlapping DNA fragments surrounding the leu2 gene on yeast chromosome III. Gene. 1979 Feb;5(2):111–126. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(79)90097-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Company M., Errede B. Transcriptional analysis of Ty1 deletion and inversion derivatives at CYC7. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Oct;6(10):3299–3311. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.10.3299. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cryer D. R., Eccleshall R., Marmur J. Isolation of yeast DNA. Methods Cell Biol. 1975;12:39–44. doi: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)60950-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dobson M. J., Mellor J., Fulton A. M., Roberts N. A., Bowen B. A., Kingsman S. M., Kingsman A. J. The identification and high level expression of a protein encoded by the yeast Ty element. EMBO J. 1984 May;3(5):1115–1119. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01938.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Elder R. T., Loh E. Y., Davis R. W. RNA from the yeast transposable element Ty1 has both ends in the direct repeats, a structure similar to retrovirus RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 May;80(9):2432–2436. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.9.2432. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Elder R. T., St John T. P., Stinchcomb D. T., Davis R. W., Scherer S., Davis R. W. Studies on the transposable element Ty1 of yeast. I. RNA homologous to Ty1. II. Recombination and expression of Ty1 and adjacent sequences. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1981;45(Pt 2):581–591. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1981.045.01.075. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Enver T. Gene transcription. A pulling out of fingers. Nature. 1985 Oct 3;317(6036):385–386. doi: 10.1038/317385a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Errede B., Cardillo T. S., Sherman F., Dubois E., Deschamps J., Wiame J. M. Mating signals control expression of mutations resulting from insertion of a transposable repetitive element adjacent to diverse yeast genes. Cell. 1980 Nov;22(2 Pt 2):427–436. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90353-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Errede B., Cardillo T. S., Teague M. A., Sherman F. Identification of regulatory regions within the Ty1 transposable element that regulate iso-2-cytochrome c production in the CYC7-H2 yeast mutant. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jul;4(7):1393–1401. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.7.1393. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Errede B., Company M., Ferchak J. D., Hutchison C. A., 3rd, Yarnell W. S. Activation regions in a yeast transposon have homology to mating type control sequences and to mammalian enhancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Aug;82(16):5423–5427. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.16.5423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Errede B., Company M., Hutchison C. A., 3rd Ty1 sequence with enhancer and mating-type-dependent regulatory activities. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):258–265. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.1.258. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Errede B., Company M., Swanstrom R. An anomalous Ty1 structure attributed to an error in reverse transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Apr;6(4):1334–1338. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.4.1334. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Garfinkel D. J., Boeke J. D., Fink G. R. Ty element transposition: reverse transcriptase and virus-like particles. Cell. 1985 Sep;42(2):507–517. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90108-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Guarente L., Hoar E. Upstream activation sites of the CYC1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are active when inverted but not when placed downstream of the "TATA box". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7860–7864. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7860. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Guarente L. Yeast promoters: positive and negative elements. Cell. 1984 Apr;36(4):799–800. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90028-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hinnen A., Hicks J. B., Fink G. R. Transformation of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Apr;75(4):1929–1933. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.4.1929. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Khoury G., Gruss P. Enhancer elements. Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):313–314. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90410-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lorch Y., Kornberg R. D. A region flanking the GAL7 gene and a binding site for GAL4 protein as upstream activating sequences in yeast. J Mol Biol. 1985 Dec 20;186(4):821–824. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90400-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Mellor J., Dobson M. J., Roberts N. A., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. Factors affecting heterologous gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene. 1985;33(2):215–226. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90096-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Mellor J., Fulton S. M., Dobson M. J., Wilson W., Kingsman S. M., Kingsman A. J. A retrovirus-like strategy for expression of a fusion protein encoded by yeast transposon Ty1. Nature. 1985 Jan 17;313(5999):243–246. doi: 10.1038/313243a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Mellor J., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. Ty, an endogenous retrovirus of yeast? Yeast. 1986 Sep;2(3):145–152. doi: 10.1002/yea.320020302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Mellor J., Malim M. H., Gull K., Tuite M. F., McCready S., Dibbayawan T., Kingsman S. M., Kingsman A. J. Reverse transcriptase activity and Ty RNA are associated with virus-like particles in yeast. Nature. 1985 Dec 12;318(6046):583–586. doi: 10.1038/318583a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Melton D. A., Krieg P. A., Rebagliati M. R., Maniatis T., Zinn K., Green M. R. Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Sep 25;12(18):7035–7056. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.18.7035. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Miller A. M., MacKay V. L., Nasmyth K. A. Identification and comparison of two sequence elements that confer cell-type specific transcription in yeast. Nature. 1985 Apr 18;314(6012):598–603. doi: 10.1038/314598a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Ogden J. E., Stanway C., Kim S., Mellor J., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. Efficient expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PGK gene depends on an upstream activation sequence but does not require TATA sequences. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4335–4343. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4335. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Payne G. S., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Multiple arrangements of viral DNA and an activated host oncogene in bursal lymphomas. Nature. 1982 Jan 21;295(5846):209–214. doi: 10.1038/295209a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Petes T. D., Hereford L. M., Skryabin K. G. Characterization of two types of yeast ribosomal DNA genes. J Bacteriol. 1978 Apr;134(1):295–305. doi: 10.1128/jb.134.1.295-305.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Roeder G. S., Rose A. B., Pearlman R. E. Transposable element sequences involved in the enhancement of yeast gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Aug;82(16):5428–5432. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.16.5428. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Sinclair J. H., Burke J. F., Ish-Horowicz D., Sang J. H. Functional analysis of the transcriptional control regions of the copia transposable element. EMBO J. 1986 Sep;5(9):2349–2354. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04503.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Thomas P. S. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5201–5205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Toh H., Kikuno R., Hayashida H., Miyata T., Kugimiya W., Inouye S., Yuki S., Saigo K. Close structural resemblance between putative polymerase of a Drosophila transposable genetic element 17.6 and pol gene product of Moloney murine leukaemia virus. EMBO J. 1985 May;4(5):1267–1272. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03771.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Williamson V. M., Cox D., Young E. T., Russell D. W., Smith M. Characterization of transposable element-associated mutations that alter yeast alcohol dehydrogenase II expression. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Jan;3(1):20–31. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.1.20. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Williamson V. M., Young E. T., Ciriacy M. Transposable elements associated with constitutive expression of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase II. Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):605–614. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90156-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Winston F., Durbin K. J., Fink G. R. The SPT3 gene is required for normal transcription of Ty elements in S. cerevisiae. Cell. 1984 Dec;39(3 Pt 2):675–682. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90474-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Yang J. Q., Remmers E. F., Marcu K. B. The first exon of the c-myc proto-oncogene contains a novel positive control element. EMBO J. 1986 Dec 20;5(13):3553–3562. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04682.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES