Abstract
During the course of lytic infection the 21-bp repeat region regulates differentially the late gene expression; a mutant deleted for this region expresses late genes either to a higher level in the absence of T antigen or to a lower level in the late phase of infection as compared to wild type (23). By analysing a series of clustered point mutations generated within the GC-motifs we show that i) mutations within motifs I and II stimulate late transcription two to three-fold, suggesting that competition for transcription machinery between early-early and late promoters is mediated by these two motifs, ii) after viral replication, simultaneous mutations within motifs IV, V and VI decrease to 23% the efficiency of late transcription, indicating that these motifs are elements of the late promoter. Moreover comparison of results presented in this paper with results published by Barrera-Saldana et al. strongly suggest that late-early and late promoters are regulated in a similar manner.
Full text
PDF
















Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Barrera-Saldana H., Takahashi K., Vigneron M., Wildeman A., Davidson I., Chambon P. All six GC-motifs of the SV40 early upstream element contribute to promoter activity in vivo and in vitro. EMBO J. 1985 Dec 30;4(13B):3839–3849. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04156.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baty D., Barrera-Saldana H. A., Everett R. D., Vigneron M., Chambon P. Mutational dissection of the 21 bp repeat region of the SV40 early promoter reveals that it contains overlapping elements of the early-early and late-early promoters. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):915–932. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.2.915. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bergsma D. J., Olive D. M., Hartzell S. W., Subramanian K. N. Territorial limits and functional anatomy of the simian virus 40 replication origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(2):381–385. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.381. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brady J., Bolen J. B., Radonovich M., Salzman N., Khoury G. Stimulation of simian virus 40 late gene expression by simian virus 40 tumor antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):2040–2044. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.7.2040. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brady J., Khoury G. trans Activation of the simian virus 40 late transcription unit by T-antigen. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jun;5(6):1391–1399. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.6.1391. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brady J., Radonovich M., Thoren M., Das G., Salzman N. P. Simian virus 40 major late promoter: an upstream DNA sequence required for efficient in vitro transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jan;4(1):133–141. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.1.133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Buchman A. R., Fromm M., Berg P. Complex regulation of simian virus 40 early-region transcription from different overlapping promoters. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Sep;4(9):1900–1914. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.9.1900. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ernoult-Lange M., Omilli F., O'Reilly D. R., May E. Characterization of the simian virus 40 late promoter: relative importance of sequences within the 72-base-pair repeats differs before and after viral DNA replication. J Virol. 1987 Jan;61(1):167–176. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.1.167-176.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Everett R. D., Baty D., Chambon P. The repeated GC-rich motifs upstream from the TATA box are important elements of the SV40 early promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Apr 25;11(8):2447–2464. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.8.2447. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fromm M., Berg P. Deletion mapping of DNA regions required for SV40 early region promoter function in vivo. J Mol Appl Genet. 1982;1(5):457–481. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fromm M., Berg P. Simian virus 40 early- and late-region promoter functions are enhanced by the 72-base-pair repeat inserted at distant locations and inverted orientations. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Jun;3(6):991–999. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.6.991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ghosh P. K., Lebowitz P. Simian virus 40 early mRNA's contain multiple 5' termini upstream and downstream from a Hogness-Goldberg sequence; a shift in 5' termini during the lytic cycle is mediated by large T antigen. J Virol. 1981 Oct;40(1):224–240. doi: 10.1128/jvi.40.1.224-240.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ghosh P. K., Reddy V. B., Swinscoe J., Lebowitz P., Weissman S. M. Heterogeneity and 5'-terminal structures of the late RNAs of simian virus 40. J Mol Biol. 1978 Dec 25;126(4):813–846. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90022-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gidoni D., Kadonaga J. T., Barrera-Saldaña H., Takahashi K., Chambon P., Tjian R. Bidirectional SV40 transcription mediated by tandem Sp1 binding interactions. Science. 1985 Nov 1;230(4725):511–517. doi: 10.1126/science.2996137. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grundström T., Zenke W. M., Wintzerith M., Matthes H. W., Staub A., Chambon P. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis by microscale 'shot-gun' gene synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 May 10;13(9):3305–3316. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.9.3305. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Haegeman G., van Heuverswyn H., Gheysen D., Fiers W. Heterogeneity of the 5' terminus of late mRNA induced by a viable simian virus 40 deletion mutant. J Virol. 1979 Aug;31(2):484–493. doi: 10.1128/jvi.31.2.484-493.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hansen U., Sharp P. A. Sequences controlling in vitro transcription of SV40 promoters. EMBO J. 1983;2(12):2293–2303. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01737.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hansen U., Tenen D. G., Livingston D. M., Sharp P. A. T antigen repression of SV40 early transcription from two promoters. Cell. 1981 Dec;27(3 Pt 2):603–613. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90402-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartzell S. W., Byrne B. J., Subramanian K. N. The simian virus 40 minimal origin and the 72-base-pair repeat are required simultaneously for efficient induction of late gene expression with large tumor antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Oct;81(20):6335–6339. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.20.6335. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Innis J. W., Scott W. A. DNA replication and chromatin structure of simian virus 40 insertion mutants. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Aug;4(8):1499–1507. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.8.1499. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Keller J. M., Alwine J. C. Activation of the SV40 late promoter: direct effects of T antigen in the absence of viral DNA replication. Cell. 1984 Feb;36(2):381–389. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90231-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Keller J. M., Alwine J. C. Analysis of an activatable promoter: sequences in the simian virus 40 late promoter required for T-antigen-mediated trans activation. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Aug;5(8):1859–1869. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.8.1859. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Khoury G., May E. Regulation of early and late simian virus 40 transcription: overproduction of early viral RNA in the absence of a functional T-antigen. J Virol. 1977 Jul;23(1):167–176. doi: 10.1128/jvi.23.1.167-176.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Li J. J., Peden K. W., Dixon R. A., Kelly T. Functional organization of the simian virus 40 origin of DNA replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Apr;6(4):1117–1128. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.4.1117. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- May E., Omilli F., Ernoult-Lange M., Zenke M., Chambon P. The sequence motifs that are involved in SV40 enhancer function also control SV40 late promoter activity. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Mar 25;15(6):2445–2461. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.6.2445. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mishoe H., Brady J. N., Radonovich M., Salzman N. P. Simian virus 40 guanine-cytosine-rich sequences function as independent transcriptional control elements in vitro. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Dec;4(12):2911–2920. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.12.2911. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nandi A., Das G., Salzman N. P. Characterization of a surrogate TATA box promoter that regulates in vitro transcription of the simian virus 40 major late gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Mar;5(3):591–594. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.3.591. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Omilli F., Ernoult-Lange M., Borde J., May E. Sequences involved in initiation of simian virus 40 late transcription in the absence of T antigen. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jun;6(6):1875–1885. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.6.1875. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Omilli F., Ernoult-Lange M., May E. SV40 late promoter: contribution of the initiation site sequences to basal late promoter activity. Virology. 1987 Mar;157(1):232–235. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90333-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reddy V. B., Ghosh P. K., Lebowitz P., Weissman S. M. Gaps and duplicated sequences in the leaders of SV40 16S RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Nov;5(11):4195–4213. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.11.4195. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reed S. I., Stark G. R., Alwine J. C. Autoregulation of simian virus 40 gene A by T antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Sep;73(9):3083–3087. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.9.3083. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rio D. C., Tjian R. Multiple control elements involved in the initiation of SV40 late transcription. J Mol Appl Genet. 1984;2(5):423–435. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Somasekhar M. B., Mertz J. E. Sequences involved in determining the locations of the 5' ends of the late RNAs of simian virus 40. J Virol. 1985 Dec;56(3):1002–1013. doi: 10.1128/jvi.56.3.1002-1013.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tegtmeyer P., Schwartz M., Collins J. K., Rundell K. Regulation of tumor antigen synthesis by simain virus 40 gene A. J Virol. 1975 Jul;16(1):168–178. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.1.168-178.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vigneron M., Barrera-Saldana H. A., Baty D., Everett R. E., Chambon P. Effect of the 21-bp repeat upstream element on in vitro transcription from the early and late SV40 promoters. EMBO J. 1984 Oct;3(10):2373–2382. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02142.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wasylyk B., Wasylyk C., Matthes H., Wintzerith M., Chambon P. Transcription from the SV40 early-early and late-early overlapping promoters in the absence of DNA replication. EMBO J. 1983;2(9):1605–1611. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01631.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zenke M., Grundström T., Matthes H., Wintzerith M., Schatz C., Wildeman A., Chambon P. Multiple sequence motifs are involved in SV40 enhancer function. EMBO J. 1986 Feb;5(2):387–397. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04224.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]




