Abstract
We have determined the telomeric DNA sequence of the acellular slime molds Didymium iridis and Physarum polycephalum. In both organisms the telomeres consist of tandem repeats of the hexamer 5'(TTAGGG)3'. This sequence was determined by cloning and sequencing the telomeric fragment of the linear extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA from Didymium, as well as direct end labeling and sequencing the rDNA from both organisms. Interestingly, this sequence is identical to the telomeric DNA sequence of the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma brucei, and suggests that despite the diversity of telomeric sequences previously determined in lower eukaryotes, the necessity to create functional telomeres has led to constraints on these sequences.
Full text
PDF









Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Baroin A., Prat A., Caron F. Telomeric site position heterogeneity in macronuclear DNA of Paramecium primaurelia. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Feb 25;15(4):1717–1728. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.4.1717. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baroudy B. M., Venkatesan S., Moss B. Incompletely base-paired flip-flop terminal loops link the two DNA strands of the vaccinia virus genome into one uninterrupted polynucleotide chain. Cell. 1982 Feb;28(2):315–324. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90349-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bernards A., Michels P. A., Lincke C. R., Borst P. Growth of chromosome ends in multiplying trypanosomes. Nature. 1983 Jun 16;303(5918):592–597. doi: 10.1038/303592a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blackburn E. H., Challoner P. B. Identification of a telomeric DNA sequence in Trypanosoma brucei. Cell. 1984 Feb;36(2):447–457. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90238-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blackburn E. H., Gall J. G. A tandemly repeated sequence at the termini of the extrachromosomal ribosomal RNA genes in Tetrahymena. J Mol Biol. 1978 Mar 25;120(1):33–53. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90294-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dawson D., Herrick G. Telomeric properties of C4A4-homologous sequences in micronuclear DNA of Oxytricha fallax. Cell. 1984 Jan;36(1):171–177. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90086-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DeLange A. M., Reddy M., Scraba D., Upton C., McFadden G. Replication and resolution of cloned poxvirus telomeres in vivo generates linear minichromosomes with intact viral hairpin termini. J Virol. 1986 Aug;59(2):249–259. doi: 10.1128/jvi.59.2.249-259.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Emery H. S., Weiner A. M. An irregular satellite sequence is found at the termini of the linear extrachromosomal rDNA in Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell. 1981 Nov;26(3 Pt 1):411–419. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90210-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Greider C. W., Blackburn E. H. Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(2 Pt 1):405–413. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90170-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Johnson E. M. A family of inverted repeat sequences and specific single-strand gaps at the termini of the Physarum rDNA palindrome. Cell. 1980 Dec;22(3):875–886. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90564-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Katzen A. L., Cann G. M., Blackburn E. H. Sequence-specific fragmentation of macronuclear DNA in a holotrichous ciliate. Cell. 1981 May;24(2):313–320. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90321-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klobutcher L. A., Swanton M. T., Donini P., Prescott D. M. All gene-sized DNA molecules in four species of hypotrichs have the same terminal sequence and an unusual 3' terminus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 May;78(5):3015–3019. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.5.3015. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kraut J. Serine proteases: structure and mechanism of catalysis. Annu Rev Biochem. 1977;46:331–358. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.46.070177.001555. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Larson D. D., Spangler E. A., Blackburn E. H. Dynamics of telomere length variation in Tetrahymena thermophila. Cell. 1987 Jul 31;50(3):477–483. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90501-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Molgaard H. V., Matthews H. R., Bradbury E. M. Organisation of genes for ribosomal RNA in Physarum polycephalum. Eur J Biochem. 1976 Sep 15;68(2):541–549. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10842.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pluta A. F., Dani G. M., Spear B. B., Zakian V. A. Elaboration of telomeres in yeast: recognition and modification of termini from Oxytricha macronuclear DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Mar;81(5):1475–1479. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.5.1475. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ponzi M., Pace T., Dore E., Frontali C. Identification of a telomeric DNA sequence in Plasmodium berghei. EMBO J. 1985 Nov;4(11):2991–2995. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04034.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shampay J., Szostak J. W., Blackburn E. H. DNA sequences of telomeres maintained in yeast. Nature. 1984 Jul 12;310(5973):154–157. doi: 10.1038/310154a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sogin M. L., Elwood H. J., Gunderson J. H. Evolutionary diversity of eukaryotic small-subunit rRNA genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(5):1383–1387. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.5.1383. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stillman B. W. The replication of adenovirus DNA with purified proteins. Cell. 1983 Nov;35(1):7–9. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90201-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Szostak J. W., Blackburn E. H. Cloning yeast telomeres on linear plasmid vectors. Cell. 1982 May;29(1):245–255. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90109-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Van der Ploeg L. H., Liu A. Y., Borst P. Structure of the growing telomeres of Trypanosomes. Cell. 1984 Feb;36(2):459–468. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90239-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vogt V. M., Braun R. Structure of ribosomal DNA in Physarum polycephalum. J Mol Biol. 1976 Sep 25;106(3):567–587. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90252-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whittaker R. H. New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Evolutionary relations are better represented by new classifications than by the traditional two kingdoms. Science. 1969 Jan 10;163(3863):150–160. doi: 10.1126/science.163.3863.150. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yao M. C., Yao C. H. Repeated hexanucleotide C-C-C-C-A-A is present near free ends of macronuclear DNA of Tetrahymena. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Dec;78(12):7436–7439. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.12.7436. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]