Ticlopidine is an effective anti-platelet agent used for prevention of thrombosis (1–3). It was reported that treatment with ticlopidine at the dose of 250 mg daily in kidney transplant patients caused significant reduction of cyclosporin A (CsA) blood levels (4, 5). In heart transplant patients treated with higher doses of ticlopidine 500mg daily, it was found to cause significant decrease of cyclosporine concentration but not in those treated with only 250mg daily (1, 2). It was thought that ticlopidine interacts with cyclosporine metabolism at cytochrome P450 (1–3).
We report three living kidney donor recipients whose blood level of cyclosporine decreased significantly under treatment with a very low dose of ticlopidine of 100 mg daily.
The patients were on immunosuppressive treatment with steroids, CsA, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or azathioprin. The total daily CsA dose was 125–150 mg. The patients developed severe hypertension 15 days to 4 months after kidney transplantation. Serum creatinine was normal except in patient number 2 (Table 1). Doppler ultrasonography confirmed significant stenosis of at least 70% degree in the artery of the transplanted kidney. Percutanuous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with stent placement was performed. Anti-platelet treatment with aspirin (160mg/day) and ticlopidine (100mg/day) were given to prevent thrombosis. CsA blood levels were monitored by C0 (before morning dose) (Fig. 1). Under ticlopidine treatment, CsA blood levels decreased in patient 1 from 137 to 112 ng/ml, in patient 2 it decreased from 120 to 100 ng/ml, and in patient 3 it decreased from 131 to 106 ng/ml. Consequently CsA dose had been increased by 50–75 mg/day. No signs of acute kidney transplant rejection were observed.
Table 1.
Characteristic of three patients with kidney transplantation and renal artery stenosis
| Characteristics | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 18 | 26 | 20 |
| Gender | F | M | F |
| HLA mismatch | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/l) | 8.5 | 15.4 | 7.1 |
| Number of anti-hypertensive drugs | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Diagnosis of stenosis after transplantation | 2 months | 15 days | 4 months |
| Date of PTA | 2 months after the diagnosis | 14 months after diagnosis | 2 months after the diagnosis |
Note: PTA, percutanuous transluminal angioplasty.
Fig. 1.
Cyclosporin A blood levels (C0) and doses during 60 days of ticlopidine therapy: follow of blood CsA levels and doses in the three patients.
In summary: In kidney transplant patients, ticlopidine can cause a significant decrease in CsA blood level even at a low dose of ticlopidine. The interaction of ticlopidine with CsA seems to be not related to the doses. We recommend careful monitoring of CsA blood level in patients treated with ticlopidine.
References
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