Abstract
An increase in the number of copies of the Drosophila locus Suvar(3)7 enhances position-effect variegation, i.e. the inactivation in some cells of genes brought close to heterochromatin by a chromosomal rearrangement. The locus produces two transcripts of 5047 and 4203 nt that differ solely by the length of their 3' untranslated region. That these transcripts encode the modifier of variegation Suvar(3)7 is demonstrated by genetic transformation with the corresponding cDNAs. The deduced protein is 1169 amino acids long and contains seven widely spaced zinc fingers. These fingers are each preceded at 11-16 amino acids before the N-terminal cysteine by a tryptophan-containing motif. The transcripts are maternally transmitted, but are also found throughout development. The ubiquitous distribution of transcripts in embryos and the different sequence motifs support our speculation that the locus encodes a chromosomal protein implicated in heterochromatin-mediated DNA silencing.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Baksa K., Morawietz H., Dombrádi V., Axton M., Taubert H., Szabó G., Török I., Udvardy A., Gyurkovics H., Ször B. Mutations in the protein phosphatase 1 gene at 87B can differentially affect suppression of position-effect variegation and mitosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics. 1993 Sep;135(1):117–125. doi: 10.1093/genetics/135.1.117. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown N. H., Kafatos F. C. Functional cDNA libraries from Drosophila embryos. J Mol Biol. 1988 Sep 20;203(2):425–437. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90010-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dorer D. R., Henikoff S. Expansions of transgene repeats cause heterochromatin formation and gene silencing in Drosophila. Cell. 1994 Jul 1;77(7):993–1002. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90439-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Frankel A. D. The importance of being flexible. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):11653–11653. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.24.11653. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harland R. M. In situ hybridization: an improved whole-mount method for Xenopus embryos. Methods Cell Biol. 1991;36:685–695. doi: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)60307-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Henikoff S. A reconsideration of the mechanism of position effect. Genetics. 1994 Sep;138(1):1–5. doi: 10.1093/genetics/138.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Karpen G. H. Position-effect variegation and the new biology of heterochromatin. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1994 Apr;4(2):281–291. doi: 10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80055-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mavilio F., Simeone A., Giampaolo A., Faiella A., Zappavigna V., Acampora D., Poiana G., Russo G., Peschle C., Boncinelli E. Differential and stage-related expression in embryonic tissues of a new human homoeobox gene. Nature. 1986 Dec 18;324(6098):664–668. doi: 10.1038/324664a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Connor M. B., Binari R., Perkins L. A., Bender W. Alternative RNA products from the Ultrabithorax domain of the bithorax complex. EMBO J. 1988 Feb;7(2):435–445. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02831.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Qian Y. Q., Otting G., Furukubo-Tokunaga K., Affolter M., Gehring W. J., Wüthrich K. NMR structure determination reveals that the homeodomain is connected through a flexible linker to the main body in the Drosophila Antennapedia protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 15;89(22):10738–10742. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.22.10738. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reuter G., Giarre M., Farah J., Gausz J., Spierer A., Spierer P. Dependence of position-effect variegation in Drosophila on dose of a gene encoding an unusual zinc-finger protein. Nature. 1990 Mar 15;344(6263):219–223. doi: 10.1038/344219a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reuter G., Spierer P. Position effect variegation and chromatin proteins. Bioessays. 1992 Sep;14(9):605–612. doi: 10.1002/bies.950140907. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schlossherr J., Eggert H., Paro R., Cremer S., Jack R. S. Gene inactivation in Drosophila mediated by the Polycomb gene product or by position-effect variegation does not involve major changes in the accessibility of the chromatin fibre. Mol Gen Genet. 1994 May 25;243(4):453–462. doi: 10.1007/BF00280476. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schneuwly S., Klemenz R., Gehring W. J. Redesigning the body plan of Drosophila by ectopic expression of the homoeotic gene Antennapedia. 1987 Feb 26-Mar 4Nature. 325(6107):816–818. doi: 10.1038/325816a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schneuwly S., Kuroiwa A., Baumgartner P., Gehring W. J. Structural organization and sequence of the homeotic gene Antennapedia of Drosophila melanogaster. EMBO J. 1986 Apr;5(4):733–739. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04275.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tautz D., Pfeifle C. A non-radioactive in situ hybridization method for the localization of specific RNAs in Drosophila embryos reveals translational control of the segmentation gene hunchback. Chromosoma. 1989 Aug;98(2):81–85. doi: 10.1007/BF00291041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vershon A. K., Johnson A. D. A short, disordered protein region mediates interactions between the homeodomain of the yeast alpha 2 protein and the MCM1 protein. Cell. 1993 Jan 15;72(1):105–112. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90054-t. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]