Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1995 Mar 25;23(6):1030–1035. doi: 10.1093/nar/23.6.1030

Orphon spliced-leader sequences form part of a repetitive element in Angiostrongylus cantonensis.

G W Joshua 1, F B Perler 1, C C Wang 1
PMCID: PMC306801  PMID: 7731790

Abstract

In nematodes, the 22 nucleotide (nt) spliced leader (SL) is normally encoded by a multi-copy, tandemly reiterated SL gene and is trans-spliced from SL-RNA onto the 5' end of a subset of mRNAs. We have found that the SL is also encoded at multiple (> 100) orphon genomic sites in the parasitic nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. At these sites the sequence forms part of a 198 bp repetitive element (designated con-198). Transcription from two genomic elements that contain the con-198 sequence has been characterised. At one element (G-2) an approximately 850 nt RNA with an internal SL is transcribed. At the other (G-1), transcription takes place 3 kb downstream of the con-198 sequence.

Full text

PDF
1030

Images in this article

1033Image
on p.1033
1033Image
on p.1033
1034Image
on p.1034
1034Image
on p.1034

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aksoy S., Lalor T. M., Martin J., Van der Ploeg L. H., Richards F. F. Multiple copies of a retroposon interrupt spliced leader RNA genes in the African trypanosome, Trypanosoma gambiense. EMBO J. 1987 Dec 1;6(12):3819–3826. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02718.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Aksoy S., Williams S., Chang S., Richards F. F. SLACS retrotransposon from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is similar to mammalian LINEs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Feb 25;18(4):785–792. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.4.785. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bektesh S., Van Doren K., Hirsh D. Presence of the Caenorhabditis elegans spliced leader on different mRNAs and in different genera of nematodes. Genes Dev. 1988 Oct;2(10):1277–1283. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.10.1277. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Boothroyd J. C., Cross G. A. Transcripts coding for variant surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma brucei have a short, identical exon at their 5' end. Gene. 1982 Dec;20(2):281–289. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90046-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bruzik J. P., Van Doren K., Hirsh D., Steitz J. A. Trans splicing involves a novel form of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Nature. 1988 Oct 6;335(6190):559–562. doi: 10.1038/335559a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Carrington M., Roditi I., Williams R. O. The structure and transcription of an element interspersed between tandem arrays of mini-exon donor RNA genes in Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Dec 23;15(24):10179–10198. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.24.10179. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Donelson J. E., Zeng W. A comparison of trans-RNA splicing in trypanosomes and nematodes. Parasitol Today. 1990 Oct;6(10):327–334. doi: 10.1016/0169-4758(90)90177-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gabriel A., Yen T. J., Schwartz D. C., Smith C. L., Boeke J. D., Sollner-Webb B., Cleveland D. W. A rapidly rearranging retrotransposon within the miniexon gene locus of Crithidia fasciculata. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Feb;10(2):615–624. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.2.615. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hannon G. J., Maroney P. A., Denker J. A., Nilsen T. W. Trans splicing of nematode pre-messenger RNA in vitro. Cell. 1990 Jun 29;61(7):1247–1255. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90689-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hannon G. J., Maroney P. A., Nilsen T. W. U small nuclear ribonucleoprotein requirements for nematode cis- and trans-splicing in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1991 Dec 5;266(34):22792–22795. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hirsh D. Molecular genetics. Operons in eukaryotes follow the spliced leader. Nature. 1994 Nov 17;372(6503):222–223. doi: 10.1038/372222a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Huang X. Y., Hirsh D. A second trans-spliced RNA leader sequence in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Nov;86(22):8640–8644. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.22.8640. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Joshua G. W., Chuang R. Y., Cheng S. C., Lin S. F., Tuan R. S., Wang C. C. The spliced leader gene of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1991 Jun;46(2):209–217. doi: 10.1016/0166-6851(91)90045-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Krause M., Hirsh D. A trans-spliced leader sequence on actin mRNA in C. elegans. Cell. 1987 Jun 19;49(6):753–761. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90613-1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Maroney P. A., Hannon G. J., Nilsen T. W. Transcription and cap trimethylation of a nematode spliced leader RNA in a cell-free system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):709–713. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.2.709. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Nelson R. G., Parsons M., Barr P. J., Stuart K., Selkirk M., Agabian N. Sequences homologous to the variant antigen mRNA spliced leader are located in tandem repeats and variable orphons in trypanosoma brucei. Cell. 1983 Oct;34(3):901–909. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90547-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Nilsen T. W., Shambaugh J., Denker J., Chubb G., Faser C., Putnam L., Bennett K. Characterization and expression of a spliced leader RNA in the parasitic nematode Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Aug;9(8):3543–3547. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.8.3543. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Pixa G., Dirheimer G., Keith G. Sequence of tRNALeu CmAA from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Apr 29;112(2):578–585. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)91503-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rajkovic A., Davis R. E., Simonsen J. N., Rottman F. M. A spliced leader is present on a subset of mRNAs from the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(22):8879–8883. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.22.8879. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Spieth J., Brooke G., Kuersten S., Lea K., Blumenthal T. Operons in C. elegans: polycistronic mRNA precursors are processed by trans-splicing of SL2 to downstream coding regions. Cell. 1993 May 7;73(3):521–532. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90139-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Takacs A. M., Denker J. A., Perrine K. G., Maroney P. A., Nilsen T. W. A 22-nucleotide spliced leader sequence in the human parasitic nematode Brugia malayi is identical to the trans-spliced leader exon in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Nov;85(21):7932–7936. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.21.7932. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Tessier L. H., Keller M., Chan R. L., Fournier R., Weil J. H., Imbault P. Short leader sequences may be transferred from small RNAs to pre-mature mRNAs by trans-splicing in Euglena. EMBO J. 1991 Sep;10(9):2621–2625. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07804.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Zeng W. L., Alarcon C. M., Donelson J. E. Many transcribed regions of the Onchocerca volvulus genome contain the spliced leader sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):2765–2773. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.6.2765. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Zorio D. A., Cheng N. N., Blumenthal T., Spieth J. Operons as a common form of chromosomal organization in C. elegans. Nature. 1994 Nov 17;372(6503):270–272. doi: 10.1038/372270a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES