Figure 4.

Toll-deficient Drosophila flies are susceptible to Aspergillus challenge. Shown are Kaplan-Meier survival curves for Oregon^R WT and Tlr⁶³²/Tl^I-RXA flies infected with AF293 using the (A) injection, (B) rolling and (C) ingestion assays. (D) Aspergillus conidia covering a fly's exterior surface (arrow) following the rolling assay. (E) Aspergillus conidia in the lumen of a fly's gastrointestinal tract (black arrow) following the ingestion assay. Later on, conidia invade through the gastrointestinal tract (white arrow) and cause disseminated infection.