. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 2.

Published in final edited form as: Carcinogenesis. 2006 Jan 12;27(7):1432–1444. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgi345

Table VII.

Ratios of the excess relative risk (ERR) for three different simulations of male and female model smokers

Start age 20, lifelong smokers
ERR (s = 60 cigarettes per day)/ERR (s = 20 cigarettes per day)	1.5
ERR (s = 50 cigarettes per day)/ERR (s = 20 cigarettes per day)	1.4
ERR (s = 40 cigarettes per day)/ERR (s = 20 cigarettes per day)	1.4
ERR (s = 30 cigarettes per day)/ERR (s = 20 cigarettes per day)	1.3
s = 20 cigarettes per day, lifelong smokers
ERR (start age 15)/ERR (start age 55)	13.6
ERR (start age 25)/ERR (start age 55)	8.5
ERR (start age 35)/ERR (start age 55)	4.5
ERR (start age 45)/ERR (start age 55)	2.2
s = 20 cigarettes per day, start age 20
ERR (stop age 70)/ERR (stop age 30)	72.2
ERR (stop age 60)/ERR (stop age 30)	18.5
ERR (stop age 50)/ERR (stop age 30)	8.3
ERR (stop age 40)/ERR (stop age 30)	3.4

The best estimates of fit-RIVM3 were applied. The ERRs refer to an age of 70 years.