TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the study population according to age at menopause
| Characteristics | Age at menopause
|
P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤40 y (n = 132) | 41–49 y (n = 175) | ≥50 y (n = 186) | ||
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||
| Age, y | 61.8 ± 11.0 | 65.5 ± 12.1 | 67.8 ± 10.0 | <0.001 |
| African American race | 36 (27.3) | 32 (18.3) | 47 (25.7) | 0.703 |
| Greater than high school education | 55 (42.3) | 68 (39.1) | 78 (42.9) | 0.863 |
| Married | 58 (44.3) | 78 (44.6) | 83 (44.9) | 0.917 |
| Primary medical insurance | ||||
| None/self-pay | 20 (15.7) | 12 (7.0) | 15 (8.2) | 0.045 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 58 (43.9) | 93 (53.1) | 96 (51.6) | 0.216 |
| Hypertension | 95 (72.0) | 116 (66.3) | 140 (75.3) | 0.413 |
| Diabetes | 41 (31.1) | 48 (27.4) | 69 (37.1) | 0.195 |
| Prior coronary heart disease (MI/CABG/PCI) | 34 (25.8) | 52 (29.7) | 48 (25.8) | 0.931 |
| History of smoking | 82 (62.1) | 102 (58.3) | 80 (43.0) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 14 (10.6) | 23 (13.1) | 26 (14.0) | 0.388 |
| Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 | 54 (42.5) | 65 (38.5) | 67 (38.3) | 0.480 |
| Presence of angina | 65 (49.2) | 99 (56.6) | 93 (50.0) | 0.986 |
| Severity of angina at baseline | 0.300 | |||
| Daily or weekly | 26 (18.7) | 45 (25.7) | 23 (12.3) | |
| Monthly | 39 (29.5) | 54 (30.9) | 70 (37.6) | |
| None | 67 (50.8) | 76 (43.4) | 93 (50.0) | |
| PHQ depression score | 8.2 ± 6.1 | 6.5 ± 5.8 | 6.3 ± 5.4 | 0.004 |
| Menstrual history | ||||
| Age of menopause, y | 34.7 ± 5.1 | 45.5 ± 2.4 | 52.4 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
| Cause of menopause | <0.001 | |||
| Natural | 86 (65.2) | 147 (84.0) | 169 (90.9) | |
| Surgery | 41 (31.1) | 25 (14.3) | 15 (8.07) | |
| Number of years taking birth control pills | 6.8 ± 6.7 | 7.1 ± 6.9 | 6.2 ± 7.1 | 0.670 |
| Ever taken birth control pills or HT | 91 (70.5) | 112 (65.1) | 107 (57.8) | 0.019 |
| Clinical characteristics at admission | ||||
| Acute heart rate >100/min | 23 (17.4) | 30 (17.1) | 22 (11.8) | 0.147 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40 | 102 (77.3) | 125 (71.8) | 148 (79.6) | 0.520 |
| STEMI | 62 (47.0) | 70 (40.0) | 72 (38.7) | 0.156 |
| QOC | ||||
| Received aspirin at arrival | 122 (94.6) | 166 (97.6) | 173 (97.2) | 0.245 |
| Received β-blocker at arrival | 107 (89.9) | 145 (92.4) | 162 (93.6) | 0.251 |
| Received reperfusion for STEMI/LBBB | 51 (71.8) | 58 (67.4) | 57 (67.1) | 0.534 |
| Received timely reperfusion for STEMI/LBBB | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 0.303 |
| Nitrate | 38 (28.8) | 49 (28.0) | 62 (33.3) | 0.344 |
| Received aspirin at discharge | 122 (94.6) | 157 (91.8) | 166 (92.7) | 0.584 |
| Received ACE inhibitor/ARB for LVSD at discharge | 16 (76.2) | 38 (80.9) | 27 (81.8) | 0.636 |
| Received smoking cessation instructions | 51 (83.6) | 47 (75.8) | 31 (67.4) | 0.051 |
| Received β-blocker at discharge | 112 (90.3) | 149 (93.1) | 158 (88.8) | 0.552 |
| Number of QOC eligible indicators received | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | 4.3 ± 1.4 | 0.053 |
| Eligible QOC indicators received, % | 87.1 ± 19.1 | 88.0 ± 17.8 | 87.1 ± 17.3 | 0.991 |
Values are presented as no. (%) or mean ± SD.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensinogen receptor blockers; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; HT, hormone therapy; LVSD, left ventricular systolic dysfunction; LBBB, left bundle branch block; MI, myocardial infarction; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; QOC, quality of care; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction.