Skip to main content
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1993 Apr 11;21(7):1637–1641. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.7.1637

The preprotachykinin A promoter interacts with a sequence specific single stranded DNA binding protein.

J P Quinn 1, J McAllister 1
PMCID: PMC309374  PMID: 8479915

Abstract

An element within the Preprotachykinin A (PPT) promoter is highly homologous to an element from the rat type II Na channel promoter. This Na Channel element has been previously proposed to be common to a number of neuronal genes. We demonstrate that the PPT element binds a sequence specific DNA binding protein. The protein binds to only one strand of the PPT element and has little or no specificity for the double stranded DNA species. Gel retardation analysis indicates that the protein is found in both rat neuronal tissue and adult dorsal root ganglia neurons in culture but not in established tissue culture cell lines. Using the PPT element linked to magnetic beads we have been able to demonstrate the enrichment of a protein with a molecular weight of 40k with that of the binding activity. A mechanism for protein binding to the DNA is proposed based on the fact that the region binding the protein is the loop of a larger stem-loop structure in the DNA.

Full text

PDF
1637

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Berkhout B., Silverman R. H., Jeang K. T. Tat trans-activates the human immunodeficiency virus through a nascent RNA target. Cell. 1989 Oct 20;59(2):273–282. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90289-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Carter M. S., Krause J. E. Structure, expression, and some regulatory mechanisms of the rat preprotachykinin gene encoding substance P, neurokinin A, neuropeptide K, and neuropeptide gamma. J Neurosci. 1990 Jul;10(7):2203–2214. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-07-02203.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cullen B. R. The HIV-1 Tat protein: an RNA sequence-specific processivity factor? Cell. 1990 Nov 16;63(4):655–657. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90129-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dignam J. D., Martin P. L., Shastry B. S., Roeder R. G. Eukaryotic gene transcription with purified components. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:582–598. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01039-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dingwall C., Ernberg I., Gait M. J., Green S. M., Heaphy S., Karn J., Lowe A. D., Singh M., Skinner M. A. HIV-1 tat protein stimulates transcription by binding to a U-rich bulge in the stem of the TAR RNA structure. EMBO J. 1990 Dec;9(12):4145–4153. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07637.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Feavers I. M., McEwan I. J., Liang H., Jost J. P. An estradiol-dependent protein from chicken liver binds single-stranded DNA and RNA. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jun 5;264(16):9114–9117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fried M., Crothers D. M. Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Dec 11;9(23):6505–6525. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.23.6505. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gilchrist C. A., Morrison C. F., Chapman K. E., Harmar A. J. Identification of nerve growth factor-responsive sequences within the 5' region of the bovine preprotachykinin gene. DNA Cell Biol. 1991 Dec;10(10):743–749. doi: 10.1089/dna.1991.10.743. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Helke C. J., Krause J. E., Mantyh P. W., Couture R., Bannon M. J. Diversity in mammalian tachykinin peptidergic neurons: multiple peptides, receptors, and regulatory mechanisms. FASEB J. 1990 Apr 1;4(6):1606–1615. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kolluri R., Torrey T. A., Kinniburgh A. J. A CT promoter element binding protein: definition of a double-strand and a novel single-strand DNA binding motif. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Jan 11;20(1):111–116. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.1.111. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Laspia M. F., Rice A. P., Mathews M. B. HIV-1 Tat protein increases transcriptional initiation and stabilizes elongation. Cell. 1989 Oct 20;59(2):283–292. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90290-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Maggio J. E. Tachykinins. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1988;11:13–28. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.11.030188.000305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Manley J. L., Fire A., Cano A., Sharp P. A., Gefter M. L. DNA-dependent transcription of adenovirus genes in a soluble whole-cell extract. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3855–3859. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3855. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Maue R. A., Kraner S. D., Goodman R. H., Mandel G. Neuron-specific expression of the rat brain type II sodium channel gene is directed by upstream regulatory elements. Neuron. 1990 Feb;4(2):223–231. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90097-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mukherjee R., Chambon P. A single-stranded DNA-binding protein promotes the binding of the purified oestrogen receptor to its responsive element. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Oct 11;18(19):5713–5716. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.19.5713. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pan W. T., Liu Q. R., Bancroft C. Identification of a growth hormone gene promoter repressor element and its cognate double- and single-stranded DNA-binding proteins. J Biol Chem. 1990 Apr 25;265(12):7022–7028. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rosen C. A., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A. The location of cis-acting regulatory sequences in the human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) long terminal repeat. Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):813–823. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80062-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sheline C. T., Milocco L. H., Jones K. A. Two distinct nuclear transcription factors recognize loop and bulge residues of the HIV-1 TAR RNA hairpin. Genes Dev. 1991 Dec;5(12B):2508–2520. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.12b.2508. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Singh H., Sen R., Baltimore D., Sharp P. A. A nuclear factor that binds to a conserved sequence motif in transcriptional control elements of immunoglobulin genes. Nature. 1986 Jan 9;319(6049):154–158. doi: 10.1038/319154a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Stark H. C., Weinberger O., Weinberger J. Common double- and single-stranded DNA binding factor for a sterol regulatory element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 15;89(6):2180–2184. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2180. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Strauss F., Varshavsky A. A protein binds to a satellite DNA repeat at three specific sites that would be brought into mutual proximity by DNA folding in the nucleosome. Cell. 1984 Jul;37(3):889–901. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90424-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Wilkison W. O., Min H. Y., Claffey K. P., Satterberg B. L., Spiegelman B. M. Control of the adipsin gene in adipocyte differentiation. Identification of distinct nuclear factors binding to single- and double-stranded DNA. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jan 5;265(1):477–482. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Wood J. N., Bevan S. J., Coote P. R., Dunn P. M., Harmar A., Hogan P., Latchman D. S., Morrison C., Rougon G., Theveniau M. Novel cell lines display properties of nociceptive sensory neurons. Proc Biol Sci. 1990 Sep 22;241(1302):187–194. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1990.0084. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES