Abstract
We present a novel method for the PCR amplification of unknown DNA that flanks a known segment directly from human genomic DNA. PCR requires that primer annealing sites be present on each end of the DNA segment that is to be amplified. In this method, known DNA is placed on the uncharacterized side of the sequence of interest via DNA polymerase mediated generation of a PCR template that is shaped like a pan with a handle. Generation of this template permits specific amplification of the unknown sequence. Taq (DNA) polymerase was used to form the original template and to generate the PCR product. 2.2 kb of the beta-globin gene, and 657 bp of the 5' flanking region of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, were amplified directly from human genomic DNA using primers that initially flank only one side of the region amplified. This method will provide a powerful tool for acquiring DNA sequence information.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Breukel C., Wijnen J., Tops C., vd Klift H., Dauwerse H., Khan P. M. Vector-Alu PCR: a rapid step in mapping cosmids and YACs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 May 25;18(10):3097–3097. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.10.3097. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burke D. T., Carle G. F., Olson M. V. Cloning of large segments of exogenous DNA into yeast by means of artificial chromosome vectors. Science. 1987 May 15;236(4803):806–812. doi: 10.1126/science.3033825. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Collins F. S., Weissman S. M. Directional cloning of DNA fragments at a large distance from an initial probe: a circularization method. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(21):6812–6816. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.21.6812. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Frohman M. A., Dush M. K., Martin G. R. Rapid production of full-length cDNAs from rare transcripts: amplification using a single gene-specific oligonucleotide primer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8998–9002. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.23.8998. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hung M. C., Wensink P. C. Different restriction enzyme-generated sticky DNA ends can be joined in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Feb 24;12(4):1863–1874. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.4.1863. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ishiura M., Hazumi N., Shinagawa H., Nakata A., Uchida T., Okada Y. RecA-independent high-frequency deletion of recombinant cosmid DNA in Escherichia coli. J Gen Microbiol. 1990 Jan;136(1):69–79. doi: 10.1099/00221287-136-1-69. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones D. H., Howard B. H. A rapid method for recombination and site-specific mutagenesis by placing homologous ends on DNA using polymerase chain reaction. Biotechniques. 1991 Jan;10(1):62–66. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kandpal R. P., Shukla H., Ward D. C., Weissman S. M. A polymerase chain reaction approach for constructing jumping and linking libraries. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 May 25;18(10):3081–3081. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.10.3081. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lawn R. M., Efstratiadis A., O'Connell C., Maniatis T. The nucleotide sequence of the human beta-globin gene. Cell. 1980 Oct;21(3):647–651. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90428-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Loh E. Y., Elliott J. F., Cwirla S., Lanier L. L., Davis M. M. Polymerase chain reaction with single-sided specificity: analysis of T cell receptor delta chain. Science. 1989 Jan 13;243(4888):217–220. doi: 10.1126/science.2463672. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mueller P. R., Wold B. In vivo footprinting of a muscle specific enhancer by ligation mediated PCR. Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):780–786. doi: 10.1126/science.2814500. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mullis K., Faloona F., Scharf S., Saiki R., Horn G., Erlich H. Specific enzymatic amplification of DNA in vitro: the polymerase chain reaction. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1986;51(Pt 1):263–273. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1986.051.01.032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Neil D. L., Villasante A., Fisher R. B., Vetrie D., Cox B., Tyler-Smith C. Structural instability of human tandemly repeated DNA sequences cloned in yeast artificial chromosome vectors. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Mar 25;18(6):1421–1428. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.6.1421. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ochman H., Gerber A. S., Hartl D. L. Genetic applications of an inverse polymerase chain reaction. Genetics. 1988 Nov;120(3):621–623. doi: 10.1093/genetics/120.3.621. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ohara O., Dorit R. L., Gilbert W. One-sided polymerase chain reaction: the amplification of cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(15):5673–5677. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.15.5673. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pfeifer G. P., Steigerwald S. D., Mueller P. R., Wold B., Riggs A. D. Genomic sequencing and methylation analysis by ligation mediated PCR. Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):810–813. doi: 10.1126/science.2814502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Riley J., Butler R., Ogilvie D., Finniear R., Jenner D., Powell S., Anand R., Smith J. C., Markham A. F. A novel, rapid method for the isolation of terminal sequences from yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 May 25;18(10):2887–2890. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.10.2887. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Riordan J. R., Rommens J. M., Kerem B., Alon N., Rozmahel R., Grzelczak Z., Zielenski J., Lok S., Plavsic N., Chou J. L. Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: cloning and characterization of complementary DNA. Science. 1989 Sep 8;245(4922):1066–1073. doi: 10.1126/science.2475911. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rosenthal A., Jones D. S. Genomic walking and sequencing by oligo-cassette mediated polymerase chain reaction. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 May 25;18(10):3095–3096. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.10.3095. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saiki R. K., Gelfand D. H., Stoffel S., Scharf S. J., Higuchi R., Horn G. T., Mullis K. B., Erlich H. A. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487–491. doi: 10.1126/science.2448875. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saiki R. K., Scharf S., Faloona F., Mullis K. B., Horn G. T., Erlich H. A., Arnheim N. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1350–1354. doi: 10.1126/science.2999980. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Silver J., Keerikatte V. Novel use of polymerase chain reaction to amplify cellular DNA adjacent to an integrated provirus. J Virol. 1989 May;63(5):1924–1928. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.5.1924-1928.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Triglia T., Peterson M. G., Kemp D. J. A procedure for in vitro amplification of DNA segments that lie outside the boundaries of known sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 25;16(16):8186–8186. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.16.8186. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wyman A. R., Wolfe L. B., Botstein D. Propagation of some human DNA sequences in bacteriophage lambda vectors requires mutant Escherichia coli hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(9):2880–2884. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.9.2880. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yoshimura K., Nakamura H., Trapnell B. C., Dalemans W., Pavirani A., Lecocq J. P., Crystal R. G. The cystic fibrosis gene has a "housekeeping"-type promoter and is expressed at low levels in cells of epithelial origin. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 15;266(14):9140–9144. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zielenski J., Rozmahel R., Bozon D., Kerem B., Grzelczak Z., Riordan J. R., Rommens J., Tsui L. C. Genomic DNA sequence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Genomics. 1991 May;10(1):214–228. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90503-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]