Table 3.
Association between coffee intake and virologic response:
| Coffee consumption | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous (cup/day) | Non-drinkers | > 0 to <1 cups/day | ≥ 1 to <3 cups/day | ≥ 3 cups/day | P for trend | |
| No. in study | 885 (100) | 133 (15.0) | 253 (28.6) | 367 (41.5) | 132 (14.9) | |
| W12, log drop ≥2 | 466 (54.2) | 59 (45.7) | 109 (44.7) | 205 (57.1) | 93 (72.7) | |
| Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | 1.33 (1.20–1.48) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.96 (0.62–1.47) | 1.58 (1.05–2.37) | 3.15 (1.87–5.31) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate adjusted* | 1.21 (1.07–1.37) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.88 (0.54–1.45) | 1.26 (0.79–2.01) | 1.97 (1.08–3.61) | 0.0039 |
| No. with week 20 response | 320 (36.2) | 35 (26.3) | 73 (28.9) | 143 (39.0) | 69 (52.3) | |
| Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | 1.29 (1.18–1.42) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.14 (0.71–1.82) | 1.79 (1.15–2.77) | 3.07 (1.83–5.13) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate adjusted* OR | 1.20 (1.07–1.36) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.03 (0.58–1.81) | 1.45 (0.86–2.45) | 2.10 (1.12–3.93) | 0.0047 |
| No. with week 48 response | 284 (32.1) | 29 (21.8) | 61 (24.1) | 129 (35.2) | 65 (49.2) | |
| Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | 1.32 (1.20–1.45) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.14 (0.69–1.88) | 1.94 (1.22–3.09) | 3.48 (2.04–5.94) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate adjusted* OR | 1.22 (1.08–1.37) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.07 (0.59–1.94) | 1.61 (0.93–2.77) | 2.42 (1.28–4.60) | 0.0011 |
| No. with SVR | 157 (17.7) | 15 (11.3) | 32 (12.7) | 76 (20.7) | 34 (25.8) | |
| Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | 1.20 (1.08–1.34) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.14 (0.59–2.19) | 2.06 (1.14–3.72) | 2.73 (1.41–5.30) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate adjusted* | 1.11 (0.97–1.26) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.03 (0.49–2.17) | 1.69 (0.86–3.34) | 1.80 (0.83–3.94) | 0.034 |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval;
*
Adjusted for age (continuous), sex, race/ethnicity (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Other), alcohol use (current, former, and never), cirrhosis at baseline, genotype 1, AST/ALT ratio (continuous), log HCV RNA level at baseline (continuous), previous use of ribavirin, hemoglobin (continuous), neutrophils (continuous), platelets (continuous), categories of peginterferon medication dose during first 20 weeks of treatment (≥98%–100%, ≥80%–<98%, ≥60%–<80%, and <60%), and rs12979860 genotype (TT, CT, CC).