| 1937 | Warfield T. Longscope, M.D. Some Observations on the Course and Outcome of Hemorrhagic Nephritis. |
| 1938 | Henry A. Christian, M.D. A Glomerular Dominance in Bright's Disease. |
| 1939 | George R. Minot, M.D. Anemias of Nutritional Deficiency. |
| 1940 | Rollin T. Woodyatt, M.D. On the Theory of Diabetes. |
| Alfred Blalock, M.D. Shock of Peripheral Circulatory Failure. | |
| 1946 | Rene J. DuBos, Ph.D. The Experimental Analysis of Tuberculous Infections. |
| 1947 | Cecil James Watson, M.D. Some Aspects of the Prophyrin Problem in Relation to Clinical Medicine. |
| 1948 | Hans Selye, M.D. General-Adaptation Syndrome. |
| 1949 | Joseph E. Smadel, M.D. The Changing Status of the Rickettsoises. |
| 1950 | Wilder Penfield, M.D. The Mechanism of Memory. |
| 1951 | Andre Cournand, M.D. Clinical and Physic-Pathologic Considerations in Certain Types in Pulmonary Granulomata and Fibrosis. |
| 1952 | Joseph Stokes, Jr., M.D. Viral Hepatitis. |
| 1953 | George W. Thorn, M.D. Studies on the Adrenal Cortical Response to Stress in Man. |
| 1954 | Allen O. Whipple, M.D. The Splenic Circulation in Relation to Certain of the Splenopathies. |
| 1955 | John F. Enders, Ph.D. Observations on Certain Viruses Causing Exanthematous Diseases in Man. |
| 1956 | Lee E. Enders, Ph.D. Man, Medicine and the Atom. |
| 1957 | Joseph W. Ferrebee, M.D. Factors Affecting the Survival of Transplanted Tissues. |
| 1958 | Ivan L. Bennett, M.D. Fever: Experimental Studies. |
| 1959 | Raymond D. Adams, M.D. Nutritional Diseases of the Nervous System in the Alcoholic Patient. |
| 1960 | Arnold R. Rich, M.D. Visceral Hazards of Hypersensitivity to Drugs. |
| 1961 | William B. Castle, M.D. A Century of Curiosity about Pernicious Anemia. |
| 1962 | Jerome W. Conn, M.D. Some Clinical and Climatological Aspects of Aldosteronism in Man. |
| 1963 | Albert H. Coons, M.D. Current Theories of Antibody Formation. |
| 1964 | Joseph F. Ross, M.D. Ionizing Radiation and the Development and Survival of Life. |
| 1965 | Alfred Gellhorn, M.D. Clinical and Laboratory Aspects of Medical Oncology. |
| 1966 | E. B. A. Astwood, M.D., Ph.D. Growth Hormones—1966. |
| 1967 | Robert A. Good, Ph.D., M.D., and Joanne Finstad, M.D. The Development and Involution of the Lymphoid System and Immunologic Capacity. |
| 1968 | Tinsley R. Harrison, M.D. Heart Disease and Heart Failure: Some Recent Progress and Some Future Challenges. |
| 1969 | Eric K. Cruickshank, M.D. Clinical Syndromes Associated with Plant Toxins in Jamaica. |
| 1970 | James G. Hirsch, M.D. The Digestive Tract of Cells. |
| 1971 | Albert L. Lehninger, Ph.D. Mitochondria and the Physiology of Ca2½ |
| 1972 | Eugene Braunwald, M.D. Investigations on Protection of the Ischemic Myocardium. |
| 1973 | G. D. Aurbach, M.D. Biosynthesis, Secretion and Mechanisms of Action of Parathyroid Hormone. |
| 1974 | Robert S. Schwartz, M.D. Searching for the Cause of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. |
| 1975 | J. Fraser Mustard, M.D. The Function of Blood Platlets. |
| 1977 | Theodore T. Puck, Ph.D. The New Cell Biology and its Implications for Medicine. |
| 1978 | Christian J. Lamberston, M.D. Undersea Medicine—The Limits of Human Tolerance. |
| 1979 | Daniel Nathans, M.D. The New Genetics. |
| 1980 | Richard T. Johnson, M.D. Viruses and Chronic Neurological Diseases. |
| 1981 | Russell Ross, M.D. Atherosclerosis—A Response to Injury Gone Awry. |
| 1982 | Robert J. Lefkowitz, M.D. Adrenergic Receptors: Regulation at the Biochemical, Physiological and Clinical Levels. |
| 1983 | Paul E. Lacy, M.D. The Prevention of Immune Rejection of Islet Transplants without Immunosuppressive Drugs. |
| 1984 | Hilary Koprowski, M.D. Monoclonal Antibodies in Human Cancer. |
| 1985 | Baruch S. Blumberg, M.D. The Biology of Hepatitis B Virus. |
| 1986 | Barry M. Brenner, M.D., and Sharon Anderson, M.D. Why Kidneys Fail: An Unifying Hypothesis. |
| 1987 | Vernon B. Mountcastle, M.D. Representations and the Construction of Reality. |
| 1988 | Darwin J. Prockop, M.D., Ph.D. Collagen. A Vulnerable Gene Protein-System. |
| 1989 | Lewis T. Williams, M.D. Growth Factors and Their Receptors—A Proliferating Field. |
| 1990 | Maria I. New, M.D. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. |
| 1991 | Saul Krugman, M.D. The ABC's of Viral Hepatitis. |
| 1992 | Waldo R. Fiser, M.D., Ph.D. Plasma Cholesterol: Atherogenesis and Mortality. |
| 1993 | Perry V. Halushka, M.D., Ph.D. Regulation of Thromboxane A2 Receptors by Testosterone: Implications for Steroid Abuse and Cardiovascular Disease. |
| 1994 | Ronald G. Crystal, M.D. In Vivo Gene Therapy: A Strategy to Use Human Genes as Therapeutics. |
| 1995 | Diane E. Griffin, M.D., Ph.D. Unique Interactions Between Viruses, Neurons and the Immune System. |
| 1996 | Gerry S. Oxford, Ph.D. Decade of the Brain: Advances and Hopes at the Midpoint. |
| 1997 | Mary Lee Vance, M.D. Growth Hormone Replacement in Adults and Other Uses. |
| 1998 | Kenneth I. Berns, M.D. From Basic Virology to Human Gene Therapy. |
| 1999 | Peter T. Scardino, M.D. Natural History and Treatment of Early Stage Prostate Cancer. |
| 2000 | Gary J. Nabel, M.D. Viruses and Human Disease. |
| 2001 | Richard M. Weinshilboum, M.D. The Mayo Model: One Path to an Academic Medical Center. |
| 2002 | C. Ronald Kahn, M.D. Lessons about the Control of Glucose Homeostasis and the Pathogenesis of Diabetes from Knockout Mice. |
| 2003 | Ronald G. Crystal, M.D. Therapy for the New Millennium: Using Genetic Medicine to Regenerate Diseased Organs and Protect Against the Hostile Environment. |
| 2004 | Victor A. McKusick, M.D. The Legacy of Jonathan Hutchinson (1828–1913): Syndromology and Dysmorphology Meet Molecular Genetics. |
| 2005 | Charles A. Czeisler, M.D., Ph.D. Work Hours, Sleep and Patient Safety in Residency Training. |
| 2006 | Gerald W. Dorn, II, M.D. Neurohormonal Signaling Pathways That Link Cardiac Growth and Death. |
| 2007 | Abraham Verghese, M.D. “The Doctor in Our Own Time”: Fildes' Famous Painting and Perceptions of Physician Attentiveness. |
| 2008 | Michael Welsh, M.D. Developing New Models to Understand Cystic Fibrosis |
| 2009 | Michael A. Gimbrone, Jr., M.D. Understanding Vascular Endothelium: A Pilgrim's Progress |
| 2010 | Lawrence K. Altman, M.D. Who Goes First? Historical and Ethical Issues in Self-Experimentation |
. 2011;122:150–152.