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. 2011 Jun 20;60(7):1872–1881. doi: 10.2337/db11-0248

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© 2011 by the American Diabetes Association.

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FIG. 3. — Suppression of FoxO1 transcriptional trans- and coactivation by Mαα and metformin. A: Cos7 cells were transfected with FoxO1 reporter plasmid (FRE3-TK-LUC) and cotransfected with empty (–), FoxO1(TSS), or FoxO1(AAA) expression plasmids as indicated, in the presence of vehicle (black bars), 150 μmol/L Mαα (empty bars), or 2.0 mmol/L metformin (cross-hatched bars) as described in research design and methods. Luciferase activity of cells transfected with an empty plasmid normalized to β-galactosidase was defined as 1.0. Mean ± SE for three independent experiments. *Significant as compared with empty-transfected cells (P < 0.05); #significant as compared with respective vehicle-treated cells (P < 0.05). B: Cos7 cells were transfected with STAT3 reporter plasmid (M67-TATA-TK-LUC) and cotransfected with empty (–), STAT3-C, FoxO1(TSS), or FoxO1(AAA) expression plasmids as indicated, in the presence of vehicle (black bars), 150 μmol/L Mαα (empty bars), or 2.0 mmol/L metformin (dotted bars) as described in research design and methods. Luciferase activity of empty-transfected cells normalized to β-galactosidase was defined as 1.0. Mean ± SE for three independent experiments. *Significant as compared with empty-transfected cells (P < 0.05); #significant as compared with respective vehicle-treated cells (P < 0.05).