Skip to main content
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1992 May 25;20(10):2497–2502. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.10.2497

Crosslinking transcription factors to their recognition sequences with PtII complexes.

B C Chu 1, L E Orgel 1
PMCID: PMC312384  PMID: 1534602

Abstract

We have prepared phosphorothioate-containing cyclic oligodeoxynucleotides that fold into 'dumbbells' containing CRE and TRE sequences, the binding sequences for the CREB and JUN proteins, respectively. Six phosphorothioate residues were introduced into each of the recognition sequences. K2PtCl4 crosslinks CRE to CREB and TRE to JUN. The extent of crosslinking is about eight times greater than that observed with standard oligodeoxynucleotides and amounts to 30-50% of the efficiency of non-covalent association as estimated by gel-shift assays. Crosslinking is reversed by incubation with NaCN. The crosslinking reaction is specific--a dumbbell oligonucleotide with six phosphorothioate groups introduced into the Sp1 recognition sequence could not be crosslinked efficiently to CREB or JUN proteins with K2PtCl4. The binding of TRE to CREB is not strong enough for effective detection by gel-shift assays, but the TRE-CREB complex is crosslinked efficiently by K2PtCl4 and can then readily be detected.

Full text

PDF
2497

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bartholomew B., Kassavetis G. A., Braun B. R., Geiduschek E. P. The subunit structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor IIIC probed with a novel photocrosslinking reagent. EMBO J. 1990 Jul;9(7):2197–2205. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07389.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baudin F., Romby P., Romaniuk P. J., Ehresmann B., Ehresmann C. Crosslinking of transcription factor TFIIIA to ribosomal 5S RNA from X. laevis by trans-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Dec 11;17(23):10035–10046. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.23.10035. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bielinska A., Shivdasani R. A., Zhang L. Q., Nabel G. J. Regulation of gene expression with double-stranded phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):997–1000. doi: 10.1126/science.2237444. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chu B. C., Orgel L. E. Binding of hairpin and dumbbell DNA to transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Dec 25;19(24):6958–6958. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.24.6958. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Connolly B. A., Potter B. V., Eckstein F., Pingoud A., Grotjahn L. Synthesis and characterization of an octanucleotide containing the EcoRI recognition sequence with a phosphorothioate group at the cleavage site. Biochemistry. 1984 Jul 17;23(15):3443–3453. doi: 10.1021/bi00310a010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dwarki V. J., Montminy M., Verma I. M. Both the basic region and the 'leucine zipper' domain of the cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB) protein are essential for transcriptional activation. EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):225–232. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08099.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Farrar Y. J., Evans R. K., Beach C. M., Coleman M. S. Interactions of photoactive DNAs with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: identification of peptides in the DNA binding domain. Biochemistry. 1991 Mar 26;30(12):3075–3082. doi: 10.1021/bi00226a014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Jones N. C., Rigby P. W., Ziff E. B. Trans-acting protein factors and the regulation of eukaryotic transcription: lessons from studies on DNA tumor viruses. Genes Dev. 1988 Mar;2(3):267–281. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.3.267. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Maekawa T., Sakura H., Kanei-Ishii C., Sudo T., Yoshimura T., Fujisawa J., Yoshida M., Ishii S. Leucine zipper structure of the protein CRE-BP1 binding to the cyclic AMP response element in brain. EMBO J. 1989 Jul;8(7):2023–2028. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03610.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Montminy M. R., Bilezikjian L. M. Binding of a nuclear protein to the cyclic-AMP response element of the somatostatin gene. Nature. 1987 Jul 9;328(6126):175–178. doi: 10.1038/328175a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Montminy M. R., Gonzalez G. A., Yamamoto K. K. Regulation of cAMP-inducible genes by CREB. Trends Neurosci. 1990 May;13(5):184–188. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(90)90045-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Ransone L. J., Verma I. M. Nuclear proto-oncogenes fos and jun. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1990;6:539–557. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.06.110190.002543. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Rasmussen N. J., Wikman F. P., Clark B. F. Crosslinking of tRNA containing a long extra arm to elongation factor Tu by trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Aug 25;18(16):4883–4890. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.16.4883. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Riabowol K., Schiff J., Gilman M. Z. Transcription factor AP-1 activity is required for initiation of DNA synthesis and is lost during cellular aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jan 1;89(1):157–161. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.1.157. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Sassone-Corsi P., Ransone L. J., Verma I. M. Cross-talk in signal transduction: TPA-inducible factor jun/AP-1 activates cAMP-responsive enhancer elements. Oncogene. 1990 Mar;5(3):427–431. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Wolfes H., Fliess A., Winkler F., Pingoud A. Cross-linking of bromodeoxyuridine-substituted oligonucleotides to the EcoRI and EcoRV restriction endonucleases. Eur J Biochem. 1986 Sep 1;159(2):267–273. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09863.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES