Abstract
We detected 16 genes for ribosomal proteins in the complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA from a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. The genes formed two major clusters, rps12-rps7 and rps10-rpl2-rps19-rps3-rpl16-rpl5- rps14-rps8- rpl6-rps13-rps11-rps1, very similar in organization to Escherichia coli ribosomal protein operons (str and S10-spc-alpha operons, respectively). In contrast, rps2 and rps4 genes were located separately in the liverwort mitochondrial genome (the latter was part of the alpha operon in E. coli). Furthermore, several ribosomal proteins encoded by the liverwort mitochondrial genome differed substantially in size from their counterparts in E. coli and liverwort chloroplast.
Full text
PDF![3199](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c0a3/312459/c8ccccd9bb9a/nar00086-0256.png)
![3200](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c0a3/312459/c825929e0979/nar00086-0257.png)
![3201](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c0a3/312459/75c2a9f38768/nar00086-0258.png)
![3202](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c0a3/312459/50cda9133a4a/nar00086-0259.png)
![3203](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c0a3/312459/c2f9612ae95c/nar00086-0260.png)
![3204](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c0a3/312459/b749dd89f39d/nar00086-0261.png)
![3205](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c0a3/312459/d81e79ef9d10/nar00086-0262.png)
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Anderson S., Bankier A. T., Barrell B. G., de Bruijn M. H., Coulson A. R., Drouin J., Eperon I. C., Nierlich D. P., Roe B. A., Sanger F. Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):457–465. doi: 10.1038/290457a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bedwell D., Davis G., Gosink M., Post L., Nomura M., Kestler H., Zengel J. M., Lindahl L. Nucleotide sequence of the alpha ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jun 11;13(11):3891–3903. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.11.3891. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bland M. M., Levings C. S., 3rd, Matzinger D. F. The tobacco mitochondrial ATPase subunit 9 gene is closely linked to an open reading frame for a ribosomal protein. Mol Gen Genet. 1986 Jul;204(1):8–16. doi: 10.1007/BF00330180. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bonen L. The mitochondrial S13 ribosomal protein gene is silent in wheat embryos and seedlings. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Dec 23;15(24):10393–10404. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.24.10393. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Butow R. A., Perlman P. S., Grossman L. I. The unusual varl gene of yeast mitochondrial DNA. Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1496–1501. doi: 10.1126/science.2990030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cerretti D. P., Dean D., Davis G. R., Bedwell D. M., Nomura M. The spc ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli: sequence and cotranscription of the ribosomal protein genes and a protein export gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 May 11;11(9):2599–2616. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.9.2599. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Conklin P. L., Hanson M. R. Ribosomal protein S19 is encoded by the mitochondrial genome in Petunia hybrida. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 May 25;19(10):2701–2705. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.10.2701. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gray M. W., Cedergren R., Abel Y., Sankoff D. On the evolutionary origin of the plant mitochondrion and its genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Apr;86(7):2267–2271. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.7.2267. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gualberto J. M., Wintz H., Weil J. H., Grienenberger J. M. The genes coding for subunit 3 of NADH dehydrogenase and for ribosomal protein S12 are present in the wheat and maize mitochondrial genomes and are co-transcribed. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Dec;215(1):118–127. doi: 10.1007/BF00331312. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hiratsuka J., Shimada H., Whittier R., Ishibashi T., Sakamoto M., Mori M., Kondo C., Honji Y., Sun C. R., Meng B. Y. The complete sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa) chloroplast genome: intermolecular recombination between distinct tRNA genes accounts for a major plastid DNA inversion during the evolution of the cereals. Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Jun;217(2-3):185–194. doi: 10.1007/BF02464880. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hunt M. D., Newton K. J. The NCS3 mutation: genetic evidence for the expression of ribosomal protein genes in Zea mays mitochondria. EMBO J. 1991 May;10(5):1045–1052. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb08043.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kang W., Matsushita Y., Isono K. Cloning and analysis of YMR26, the nuclear gene for a mitochondrial ribosomal protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Mar;225(3):474–482. doi: 10.1007/BF00261690. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kitakawa M., Grohmann L., Graack H. R., Isono K. Cloning and characterization of nuclear genes for two mitochondrial ribosomal proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Mar 25;18(6):1521–1529. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.6.1521. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Myers A. M., Crivellone M. D., Tzagoloff A. Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system. MRP1 and MRP2, two yeast nuclear genes coding for mitochondrial ribosomal proteins. J Biol Chem. 1987 Mar 5;262(7):3388–3397. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oda K., Kohchi T., Ohyama K. Mitochondrial DNA of Marchantia polymorpha as a single circular form with no incorporation of foreign DNA. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1992 Jan;56(1):132–135. doi: 10.1271/bbb.56.132. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Post L. E., Nomura M. DNA sequences from the str operon of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1980 May 25;255(10):4660–4666. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schuster W., Brennicke A. Plastid, nuclear and reverse transcriptase sequences in the mitochondrial genome of Oenothera: is genetic information transferred between organelles via RNA? EMBO J. 1987 Oct;6(10):2857–2863. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02587.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schuster W., Unseld M., Wissinger B., Brennicke A. Ribosomal protein S14 transcripts are edited in Oenothera mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jan 25;18(2):229–233. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.2.229. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shinozaki K., Ohme M., Tanaka M., Wakasugi T., Hayashida N., Matsubayashi T., Zaita N., Chunwongse J., Obokata J., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. The complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression. EMBO J. 1986 Sep;5(9):2043–2049. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04464.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stern D. B., Lonsdale D. M. Mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of maize have a 12-kilobase DNA sequence in common. Nature. 1982 Oct 21;299(5885):698–702. doi: 10.1038/299698a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Suzuki T., Kazama S., Hirai A., Akihama T., Kadowaki K. The rice mitochondrial nad3 gene has an extended reading frame at its 5' end: nucleotide sequence analysis of rice trnS, nad3, and rps12 genes. Curr Genet. 1991 Sep;20(4):331–337. doi: 10.1007/BF00318523. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wahleithner J. A., Wolstenholme D. R. Ribosomal protein S14 genes in broad bean mitochondrial DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Jul 25;16(14B):6897–6913. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.14.6897. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wissinger B., Schuster W., Brennicke A. Species-specific RNA editing patterns in the mitochondrial rps13 transcripts of Oenothera and Daucus. Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Dec;224(3):389–395. doi: 10.1007/BF00262433. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zurawski G., Zurawski S. M. Structure of the Escherichia coli S10 ribosomal protein operon. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jun 25;13(12):4521–4526. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.12.4521. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]