Figure 2. Possible autophagy-protein-dependent pathways of pathogen degradation.

Possible pathways involving the autophagy machinery by which viruses, bacteria (and damaged membranes of bacteria-containing vacuoles) and parasites may be targeted to the lysosome. Adaptor refers to the proteins shown in the cargo-recognition box in Fig. 1; however, as yet undiscovered adaptors may be involved in pathogen recognition, and pathogen targeting may involve ubiquitin-dependent or -independent mechanisms.