Abstract
Various features of salmonellosis were examined in a burned-mouse model. In this model, which uses an outbred mouse strain, a challenge dose of ca. 100 CFU with any of several strains of Salmonella typhimurium caused a fatal infection. A variety of mutated strains attenuated for virulence in Salmonella-susceptible parenterally infected mice were also attenuated in the burned-mouse model. When administered as live vaccines injected intraperitoneally the same attenuated strains provided between slight and complete protection against subsequent lethal challenge subcutaneously at the site of a burn. The correspondence of results obtained in the burned-mouse model with those seen in other mouse models coupled with the unique advantages of the burned-mouse model argue for the usefulness of the model in studies of salmonellosis and in testing of strains constructed for use as live vaccines.
Full text
PDF![2842](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c66b/313536/9e608fed1557/iai00069-0264.png)
![2843](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c66b/313536/eea4ee1ca878/iai00069-0265.png)
![2844](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c66b/313536/6908f92b08e3/iai00069-0266.png)
![2845](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c66b/313536/c95e7fcea128/iai00069-0267.png)
![2846](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c66b/313536/af9c40c396e2/iai00069-0268.png)
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Aswad D., Koshland D. E., Jr Isolation, characterization and complementation of Salmonella typhimurium chemotaxis mutants. J Mol Biol. 1975 Sep 15;97(2):225–235. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80036-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BACON G. A., BURROWS T. W., YATES M. The effects of biochemical mutation on the virulence of Bacterium typhosum; the loss of virulence of certain mutants. Br J Exp Pathol. 1951 Apr;32(2):85–96. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benjamin W. H., Jr, Turnbough C. L., Jr, Posey B. S., Briles D. E. Salmonella typhimurium virulence genes necessary to exploit the Itys/s genotype of the mouse. Infect Immun. 1986 Mar;51(3):872–878. doi: 10.1128/iai.51.3.872-878.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carsiotis M., Weinstein D. L., Karch H., Holder I. A., O'Brien A. D. Flagella of Salmonella typhimurium are a virulence factor in infected C57BL/6J mice. Infect Immun. 1984 Dec;46(3):814–818. doi: 10.1128/iai.46.3.814-818.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Collins F. M. Vaccines and cell-mediated immunity. Bacteriol Rev. 1974 Dec;38(4):371–402. doi: 10.1128/br.38.4.371-402.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Craven R. C., Montie T. C. Motility and chemotaxis of three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa used for virulence studies. Can J Microbiol. 1981 Apr;27(4):458–460. doi: 10.1139/m81-070. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cryz S. J., Jr, Fürer F., Germanier R. Experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae burn wound sepsis: role of capsular polysaccharide. Infect Immun. 1984 Jan;43(1):440–441. doi: 10.1128/iai.43.1.440-441.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Curtiss R., 3rd, Kelly S. M. Salmonella typhimurium deletion mutants lacking adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP receptor protein are avirulent and immunogenic. Infect Immun. 1987 Dec;55(12):3035–3043. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.12.3035-3043.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Germanier R. Immunity in Experimental Salmonellosis I. Protection Induced by Rough Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. Infect Immun. 1970 Sep;2(3):309–315. doi: 10.1128/iai.2.3.309-315.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartman P. E., Hartman Z., Stahl R. C. Classification and mapping of spontaneous and induced mutations in the histidine operon of Salmonella. Adv Genet. 1971;16:1–34. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60352-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoiseth S. K., Stocker B. A. Aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines. Nature. 1981 May 21;291(5812):238–239. doi: 10.1038/291238a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hone D. M., Attridge S. R., Forrest B., Morona R., Daniels D., LaBrooy J. T., Bartholomeusz R. C., Shearman D. J., Hackett J. A galE via (Vi antigen-negative) mutant of Salmonella typhi Ty2 retains virulence in humans. Infect Immun. 1988 May;56(5):1326–1333. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.5.1326-1333.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hone D., Morona R., Attridge S., Hackett J. Construction of defined galE mutants of Salmonella for use as vaccines. J Infect Dis. 1987 Jul;156(1):167–174. doi: 10.1093/infdis/156.1.167. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hormaeche C. E. Natural resistance to Salmonella typhimurium in different inbred mouse strains. Immunology. 1979 Jun;37(2):311–318. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Iino T., Enomoto M. Genetical studies of non-flagellate mutants of Salmonella. J Gen Microbiol. 1966 Jun;43(3):315–327. doi: 10.1099/00221287-43-3-315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Iino T., Komeda Y., Kutsukake K., Macnab R. M., Matsumura P., Parkinson J. S., Simon M. I., Yamaguchi S. New unified nomenclature for the flagellar genes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Microbiol Rev. 1988 Dec;52(4):533–535. doi: 10.1128/mr.52.4.533-535.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kutsukake K., Iino T., Komeda Y., Yamaguchi S. Functional homology of fla genes between Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1980 Apr;178(1):59–67. doi: 10.1007/BF00267213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McFarland W. C., Stocker B. A. Effect of different purine auxotrophic mutations on mouse-virulence of a Vi-positive strain of Salmonella dublin and of two strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Microb Pathog. 1987 Aug;3(2):129–141. doi: 10.1016/0882-4010(87)90071-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Montie T. C., Doyle-Huntzinger D., Craven R. C., Holder I. A. Loss of virulence associated with absence of flagellum in an isogenic mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the burned-mouse model. Infect Immun. 1982 Dec;38(3):1296–1298. doi: 10.1128/iai.38.3.1296-1298.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morris J. A., Wray C., Sojka W. J. The effect of T and B lymphocyte depletion on the protection of mice vaccinated with a Gal E mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. Br J Exp Pathol. 1976 Jun;57(3):354–360. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Brien A. D. Influence of host genes on resistance of inbred mice to lethal infection with Salmonella typhimurium. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1986;124:37–48. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Callaghan D., Maskell D., Liew F. Y., Easmon C. S., Dougan G. Characterization of aromatic- and purine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium: attention, persistence, and ability to induce protective immunity in BALB/c mice. Infect Immun. 1988 Feb;56(2):419–423. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.2.419-423.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Plant J., Glynn A. A. Genetics of resistance to infection with Salmonella typhimurium in mice. J Infect Dis. 1976 Jan;133(1):72–78. doi: 10.1093/infdis/133.1.72. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robson H. G., Vas S. I. Resistance of inbred mice to Salmonella typhimurium. J Infect Dis. 1972 Oct;126(4):378–386. doi: 10.1093/infdis/126.4.378. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHNEIDER H. A., ZINDER N. D. Nutrition of the host and natural resistance to infection. V. An improved assay employing genetic markers in the double strain inoculation test. J Exp Med. 1956 Feb 1;103(2):207–223. doi: 10.1084/jem.103.2.207. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith B. P., Reina-Guerra M., Hoiseth S. K., Stocker B. A., Habasha F., Johnson E., Merritt F. Aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium as modified live vaccines for calves. Am J Vet Res. 1984 Jan;45(1):59–66. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stieritz D. D., Holder I. A. Experimental studies of the pathogenesis of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: description of a burned mouse model. J Infect Dis. 1975 Jun;131(6):688–691. doi: 10.1093/infdis/131.6.688. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stocker B. A. Auxotrophic Salmonella typhi as live vaccine. Vaccine. 1988 Apr;6(2):141–145. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(88)80017-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stocker B. A., Mäkelä P. H. Genetic determination of bacterial virulence, with special reference to Salmonella. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1986;124:149–172. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-70986-9_9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weinstein D. L., Carsiotis M., Lissner C. R., O'Brien A. D. Flagella help Salmonella typhimurium survive within murine macrophages. Infect Immun. 1984 Dec;46(3):819–825. doi: 10.1128/iai.46.3.819-825.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]